COST-EFFECTIVE GAS COMPOSITION SENSOR LNG3 Workshop - Aberdeen, 25 October 2018 Huib Blokland, Arjen Boersma

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1 COST-EFFECTIVE GAS COMPOSITION SENSOR LNG3 Workshop - Aberdeen, Huib Blokland, Arjen Boersma

2 CONTENTS About TNO Drivers Sensor technology Field test results Outlook

3 TNO The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) is an independent research organization, whose expertise and research make an important contribution to the competitiveness of companies and organizations, to the economy and to the wellbeing of society in a sustainable way. TNO is organized in 9 Units

4 INNOVATION PROCESS DEVELOPING FUNDAMENTAL KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE APPLYING KNOWLEDGE TRANSFERRING KNOWLEDGE Together with universities In public-private collaboration with partners from the golden triangle Contract research for and with customers Exploiting knowledge through spin-offs, licences, etc together with other companies

5 BACKGROUND New sources of calorific gas starts to enter the grid Liquid Natural Gas Biogas Hydrogen Challenges in transport and use gives the drivers for sensor developments: Feed-in of e.g. biogas: quality control Quality and distribution control in the grid and input for models Consumers and end-users

6 DRIVER: FEED-IN QUALITY CONTROL Biogas plant Gas Chromatograph: - Expensive - Carrier gas - Off-line - Limited sample rate Feed-in gate keeper Source:

7 QUALITY CONTROL IN THE GRID

8 SENSORS AND MODELS FOR A SMART GAS GRID Smart Gas Grid Vision of Alliander sensor data TNO model application: - RT monitoring & control - Decision support tool for strategic asset management. Sensors needed to feed and calibrate TNO model: calculate and predict FLOW, PRESSURE and COMPOSITION in the gas network.

9 MODELLING THE GAS GRID Case: Texel pipes 8600 consumers 1 main supplier (GOS) 8 barg, 3 barg, 0.1 barg Study the effect of an extra feed-in Track and trace the gas Check pressures

10 QUALITY AT END-USERS AND CONSUMERS Liander smart meter Wartsila LNG propulsion

11 SENSOR TECHNOLOGY Goal: Develop and demonstrate a gas quality sensor Small (< 10 cm 3 ) Low-cost (~ 1000) In-line Full composition, accuracy in CV <0.5% Partners: Technology companies: Bronkhorst, Venne, EKL, Xensor Integration Gas grid operators: Alliander, Enexis Development: Inline low-cost gas composition sensor technology based on chips with responsive coatings

12 SENSOR PRINCIPLE Small interdigitated electrode chips coated with responsive coatings The coating will preferably absorb one of the gases and capacitance increases Upon a decrease in concentration the capacitance decreases and makes the sensor reversible Cap C time

13 DEMONSTRATOR VERSION 8 responsive coatings* are applied to the interdigitated capacitive chips Able to measure C1-C3, CO2, N2 Compensated for temperature, pressure and humidity variations Carbon dioxide Methane Propane Temperature & Pressure Water Ethane Reference * D. Snelders & A. Boersma Gas Sensor Array and Method, WO

14 FIELD TEST LOCATIONS

15 RESULTS: METHANE AND ETHANE GC Data Sensor data Mixed 3 bar(g) Grey 3 bar(g) Green 3 bar(g) Grey 7 bar(g)

16 RESULTS: PROPANE AND CO GC Data Sensor data Mixed 3 bar(g) Grey 3 bar(g) Green 3 bar(g) Grey 7 bar(g)

17 RESULTS: CV & WOBBE INDEX GC Data Sensor data Mixed 3 bar(g) Grey 3 bar(g) Green 3 bar(g) Grey 7 bar(g)

18 PERFORMANCE IN GAS GRID Sensor parameter Value Error Methane vol% <1.0 vol% Ethane 0 20 vol% <0.3 vol% Propane 0 10 vol% <0.1 vol% Carbon dioxide 0 50 vol% <0.5 vol% Nitrogen 0 20 vol% <1.0 vol% Calorific Value MJ/M 3 <0.2 MJ/m 3 Other parameters Humidity range Response time 0 1 % RH min Temperature range 5 25 C Not measured outside range Pressure range 0 9 bara Not measured outside range Flow velocity 0 10 m/s Not measured outside range Dimensions 1.5 x 0.7 x 8 cm 3 First demonstrator Power consumption 1 W Including wireless data transfer

19 MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS Three gas sensors tested in field gas distribution lines containing green gas, grey gas and mixtures. All gas sensors can withstand 2 months of pressure (1-9 bara) and temperature (5-20 C) fluctuations and are fully functional [no coated chip malfunctioned] All gas sensors clearly respond to a change in gas composition Once calibrated gas concentrations can be obtained within 1% and Calorific Value within 0.5% Pressure, humidity and temperature fluctuations can be well included in calibration

20 OUTLOOK Further development and assessment for commercialization of sensor together with Bronkhorst High-Tech Extend applicability of sensor for Methane Number assessment for LNG as engine fuel High accurate detection of higher hydrocarbons Extend applicability of sensor for blending hydrogen in Natural Gas Hydrogen sensing solutions at wide range of concentrations Biomethane gas quality assessment: Development of oxygen sensor chip

21 MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT: Dr. Arjen Boersma Senior scientist +31 (0) Huib Blokland Project manager +31 (0)