ASSESSMENT OF LFG VERTICAL MIGRATION OTTAWA LANDFILL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SURVEY DECEMBER PROJECT N o Q

Transcription

1 ASSESSMENT OF LFG VERTICAL MIGRATION OTTAWA LANDFILL WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL REPORT SURVEY DECEMBER 2009 PROJECT N o Q GENIVAR S.E.C Lebourgneuf Boulevard, 3 rd floor Québec (Québec) G2K 0B4 Phone : (418) Fax : (418) Document prepared by Dave Veilleux, tech. And approved by Catherine Verrault, M.Sc., M.A.Sc. Quebec, December 16 th 2009

2 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill TABLE OF CONTENT Page TABLE OF CONTENT... i LIST OF TABLES... ii LIST OF FIGURES... ii LIST OF APPENDIX... ii 1. INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY Location of measurements Methodology Instrumentation Instrument calibration Meteorological constraints RESULTS Regulations Surface sampling results Site configuration and well performance Improvements since the previous assessment Wind speed INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS GENIVAR Q i

3 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill LIST OF TABLES Page TABLE 3-1: POINTS HAVING A METHANE CONCENTRATION HIGHER THAN 500 PPMV DECEMBER TABLE 3-2: POINTS HAVING A METHANE CONCENTRATION HIGHER THAN 500 PPMV OCTOBER LIST OF FIGURES Page FIGURE 2-1 : LOCATION OF MEASUREMENT POINTS LANDFILL DECEMBER FIGURE 2-2 : LOCATION OF MEASUREMENT POINTS CARP ROAD DECEMBER FIGURE 3-1 : METHANE CONCENTRATIONS LANDFILL DECEMBER FIGURE 3-2 : METHANE CONCENTRATIONS LANDFILL OCTOBER FIGURE 3-3 : ISO-CONTOURS OF METHANE CONCENTRATIONS LANDFILL DECEMBER FIGURE 3-4 : ISO-CONTOURS OF METHANE CONCENTRATIONS LANDFILL OCTOBER FIGURE 3-5 : METHANE CONCENTRATIONS CARP ROAD DECEMBER FIGURE 3-6 : METHANE CONCENTRATIONS CARP ROAD OCTOBER LIST OF APPENDIX APPENDIX I Statistical report GENIVAR Q ii

4 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill 1. INTRODUCTION Waste Management of Canada Corp. has given a mandate to GENIVAR S.E.C. for the assessment of methane emission at the surface of Ottawa landfill. According to the offer for professional services, the following tasks were performed : Measurement on a continuous basis of the methane concentrations in the ambient air above the surface of the landfill site and the air sparging system with the FID-GPS technology developed by the firm GENIVAR S.E.C. ; Measurement on a continuous basis of the methane concentrations in the ambient air above the ground along four (4) extra lines, located on the north and south sides of the landfill site, with the FID-GPS technology developed by the firm GENIVAR S.E.C. ; Data processing and mapping of results ; Technical report editing. Field work was performed by Mr. Dave Veilleux and Mr. Alain L italien of GENIVAR S.E.C. on December 14 th, GENIVAR 1 Q

5 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Location of measurements Assessment of vertical migration of LFG was performed above the entire landfill and above the ground along four (4) extra lines located on the north and south sides of the landfill site. Location of the measurement points is shown on Figure 2-1. This assessment was also performed above the LFG air sparging system trench (2 lines of 1 km long at a height of approximately 6 inches on each side above ground). Location of the measurement points is shown on figure Methodology Methane concentrations above ground are measured and recorded on a continuous basis with a portable Flame Ionisation Detector (FID). Spatial location of the measurement points are defined and recorded by a Global Positioning System (GPS). According to the EPA procedure, the sampling is done along the periphery of the waste cells and along a serpentine pattern spaced about 30 meters apart, at a height of approximately 6 inches above ground. Methane concentrations are then processed and spatial coordinates are transformed from the degree, minute, second format to the NAD83MTM Zone 9 system. A map showing iso-contours of methane concentration is prepared. The iso-contours are overlaid on a map showing the landfill gas collection system general arrangement in order to be able to evaluate its efficiency and to identify areas where modifications are required to reduce emissions to the atmosphere Instrumentation Methane concentrations are determined with a Thermo Environmental Instruments TVA 1000B portable analyser by the flame ionisation method. This instrument is used for the measurements into ambient air of small concentrations of total volatile organic GENIVAR 2 Q

6 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill compounds, expressed as methane. The analytical range of the analyser is 0 to ppmv with a lower detection limit at 0.5 ppmv. Since the concentration of methane in landfill gases more than 100 times higher than non methane organic compounds and that the measured concentrations are low, the result given by the instrument is interpreted as methane alone. Spatial co-ordinates are measured by a Garmin GPS which in DGPS mode has an accuracy of less than 1 meter. Wind speed is checked regularly during sampling with a portable anemometer Instrument calibration Accuracy of the analytical instrument is verified on a regular basis with calibration gas having a known composition. Adjustments are made if required. For the TVA 1000B, the calibration gases are composed of: 100 ppmv of CH 4 in air ; ppmv of CH 4 in air Meteorological constraints Average wind speed during sampling shouldn't exceed 8 km/hr with maximum peak speed at 20 km/hr. GENIVAR 3 Q

7 LANDFILL GAS EMISSION WASTE MANAGEMENT OTTAWA LANDFILL GPS/FID MEASUREMENT ACTIVE AREA 2500, rue Jean-Perrin, bur. 204 Québec (QC) G2C 1X1 Tél.: (418) Téléc.: (418) LEGEND MEASUREMENT POINTS GAS EXTRACTION WELL FIGURE 2-1 LOCATION OF MEASUREMENT POINTS DECEMBER, 2009

8 LANDFILL GAS EMISSION WASTE MANAGEMENT OTTAWA LANDFILL FENCE GPS/FID MEASUREMENT SCALE & OFFICE CARP ROAD LANDFILL FLARE 2500, rue Jean-Perrin, bur. 204 Québec (QC) G2C 1X1 Tél.: (418) Téléc.: (418) LEGEND MEASUREMENT POINTS EXISTING FENCE BUILDING HIGHWAY 417 FIGURE 2-2 LOCATION OF MEASUREMENT POINTS DECEMBER, 2009

9 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill 3. RESULTS 3.1 Regulations In Ontario, owners of landfill sites need an approval if their facilities may discharge or from which may be discharged a contaminant into any part of the natural environment other than water» (Environmental Protection Act, R.S.O. 1990, CHAPTER E.19, part II General Provisions, section 9 Approval of Director, plant or production process). However, no specific maximum acceptable concentration of methane above the surface is defined. Under item No. 4 of Provincial Officer s Order No Z2PPW, WM is required to perform landfill gas emission surveys at the Ottawa landfill site in April, June, August, October and December Each report shall include also the survey results of the previous campaign and describe any actions related to the LFG collection and flaring system taken since the last survey. US EPA has enacted operational standards in "Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Guidelines for Control of Existing Sources: Municipal Solid Waste Landfills", into effect since March 12th, 1996 (40 CFR Parts 51, 52 and 60). This rule stipulates that methane concentrations measured at the surface of the landfill shall be less than 500 ppmv. EPA methodology and standard will be used for the assessment of methane emissions to the atmosphere at the Ottawa landfill. 3.2 Surface sampling results Results show that there are 69 points (0.92%) having a methane concentration above 500 ppmv compared to 0.03% of the points for the previous survey. Table 3-1 presents the location of those points together with their concentration and table 3-2 presents the results of October 2009 survey. Figure 3-1 presents the detailed results for this survey and figure 3-2 for October Iso-contour map of methane concentrations is shown on figure 3-3 for this sampling campaign and figure 3-4 for October The highest concentration GENIVAR 6 Q

10 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill recorded in the present survey is ppmv at ( , ) which is located near well #64. High methane emissions are mainly concentrated on the North Slope (wells #53, 59 & 60), north-west slope (wells #40, 41 &42), near well #24 on the south-west slope, near the well #64 and on the bottom of the South Slope (near wells # 130 and 136). Figure 3-5 presents the methane concentrations obtained above the LFG air sparging system located along Carp Road for this survey and figure 3-6 for October As usual, no methane concentration higher than 500 ppmv was measured in December GENIVAR 7 Q

11 Table 3-1: Points having a methane concentration higher than 500 ppmv December 2009 X Y CH 4 (ppmv)

12 Table 3-1: Points having a methane concentration higher than 500 ppmv December 2009 X Y CH 4 (ppmv)

13 Table 3-2 : Points having a methane concentration higher than 500 ppmv October 2009 X Y CH 4 (ppmv)

14 LANDFILL GAS EMISSION WASTE MANAGEMENT OTTAWA LANDFILL GPS/FID MEASUREMENT ACTIVE AREA 2500, rue Jean-Perrin, bur. 204 Québec (QC) G2C 1X1 Tél.: (418) Téléc.: (418) LEGEND à 50 ppmv 50 à 100 ppmv 100 à 500 ppmv 500 à ppmv FIGURE 3-1 METHANE CONCENTRATIONS LANDFILL DECEMBER, 2009

15 LANDFILL GAS EMISSION WASTE MANAGEMENT OTTAWA LANDFILL GPS/FID MEASUREMENT ACTIVE AREA 2500, rue Jean-Perrin, bur. 204 Québec (QC) G2C 1X1 Tél.: (418) Téléc.: (418) LEGEND à 50 ppmv 50 à 100 ppmv 100 à 500 ppmv 500 à ppmv FIGURE 3-2 METHANE CONCENTRATIONS LANDFILL OCTOBER, 2009

16 LANDFILL GAS EMISSION WASTE MANAGEMENT OTTAWA LANDFILL GPS/FID MEASUREMENT ACTIVE AREA , rue Jean-Perrin, bur. 204 Québec (QC) G2C 1X1 Tél.: (418) Téléc.: (418) LEGEND ppmv 1000 ppmv ppmv 250 ppmv 100 ppmv 50 ppmv 25 ppmv ppmv FIGURE 3-3 ISO-CONTOURS OF METHANE CONCENTRATIONS DECEMBER, 2009

17 LANDFILL GAS EMISSION WASTE MANAGEMENT OTTAWA LANDFILL GPS/FID MEASUREMENT ACTIVE AREA , rue Jean-Perrin, bur. 204 Québec (QC) G2C 1X1 Tél.: (418) Téléc.: (418) LEGEND ppmv 1000 ppmv ppmv 250 ppmv 100 ppmv 50 ppmv 25 ppmv ppmv FIGURE 3-4 ISO-CONTOURS OF METHANE CONCENTRATIONS OCTOBER, 2009

18 LANDFILL GAS EMISSION WASTE MANAGEMENT OTTAWA LANDFILL FENCE GPS/FID MEASUREMENT SCALE & OFFICE CARP ROAD LANDFILL FLARE 2500, rue Jean-Perrin, bur. 204 Québec (QC) G2C 1X1 Tél.: (418) Téléc.: (418) LEGEND EXISTING FENCE to 50 ppmv 50 to 100 ppmv 100 to 500 ppmv 500 to ppmv BUILDING HIGHWAY 417 FIGURE 3-5 METHANE CONCENTRATIONS CARP ROAD DECEMBER, 2009

19 LANDFILL GAS EMISSION WASTE MANAGEMENT OTTAWA LANDFILL FENCE GPS/FID MEASUREMENT SCALE & OFFICE CARP ROAD LANDFILL FLARE 2500, rue Jean-Perrin, bur. 204 Québec (QC) G2C 1X1 Tél.: (418) Téléc.: (418) LEGEND EXISTING FENCE to 50 ppmv 50 to 100 ppmv 100 to 500 ppmv 500 to ppmv BUILDING HIGHWAY 417 FIGURE 3-6 METHANE CONCENTRATIONS CARP ROAD OCTOBER, 2009

20 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill 3.3 Site configuration and well performance As of June 2009 survey, the landfill gas collection system at the Ottawa landfill is composed of 177 vertical extraction wells and horizontal collectors installed at the bottom of North, West and South slopes. All of these wells are connected to three (3) flaring stations (2 enclosed flares with 3 blowers and 1 candlestick flare with 1 blower) via a 450 mm header located at the bottom of the slopes. 3.4 Improvements since the previous assessment Since the last survey, the LFG system have been maintained and calibrated on a regular basis. No LFG wells have been installed since April Wind speed Sampling was done when the winds were under specifications described at The average velocity of the wind was between 3 and 5 km/hr and the gust of the wind was 12 km/h. GENIVAR 17 Q

21 Landfill gas emission surface sampling Ottawa Landfill 4. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS The results show that high emissions are principally located on the North Slope (wells #53, 59 & 60), north-west slope (wells #40, 41 &42), near the well #24 along the south-west slope, near the well #64 and on the bottom of the South Slope (near the wells # 130 and 136). No high value was recorded above the air purging system near Carp road and the four (4) extra lines located on the north and south sides of the landfill site. It should be noted that at the time of the sampling there were icy spots and snow on the landfill surface which could modify the pattern of vertical migration. GENIVAR 18 Q

22 APPENDIX I STATISTICAL REPORT

23 Gridding Report Tue Dec 15 13:13: Elasped time for gridding: 0.09 seconds Data Source Source Data File Name: R:\GENIVAR\Q (Biogaz - WM Ottawa, Surface 2009)\Décembre 2009\Données\FIDGPS_ottawa_14déc2009.xls X Column: A Y Column: B Z Column: C Data Counts Active Data: 7533 Original Data: 8225 Excluded Data: 0 Deleted Duplicates: 692 Duplicates: 259 Artificial Data: 0 Superseded Data: 0 Univariate Statistics X Y Z Minimum: %-tile: Median: %-tile: Maximum: Midrange: Range: Interquartile Range: Median Abs. Deviation: Mean: Trim Mean (10%): Standard Deviation: Variance:

24 Coef. of Variation: Coef. of Skewness: Inter-Variable Correlation X Y Z X: Y: Z: Inter-Variable Covariance X Y Z X: Y: Z: Planar Regression: Z = AX+BY+C Fitted Parameters A B C Parameter Value: Standard Error: Inter-Parameter Correlations A B C A: B: C: ANOVA Table

25 Source df Sum of Squares Mean Square F Regression: Residual: Total: Coefficient of Multiple Determination (R^2): Nearest Neighbor Statistics Separation Delta Z Minimum: %-tile: Median: %-tile: Maximum: Midrange: Range: Interquartile Range: Median Abs. Deviation: Mean: Trim Mean (10%): Standard Deviation: Variance: Coef. of Variation: Coef. of Skewness: Root Mean Square: Mean Square: Complete Spatial Randomness Lambda: Clark and Evans: Skellam: Exclusion Filtering Exclusion Filter String: Not In Use Duplicate Filtering

26 Duplicate Points to Keep: Maximum Z X Duplicate Tolerance: Y Duplicate Tolerance: Deleted Duplicates: 692 Duplicates: 259 Artificial Data: 0 X Y Z ID Status Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted

27 Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted

28 Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted Deleted More... Breakline Filtering

29 Breakline Filtering: Not In Use Gridding Rules Gridding Method: Triangulation with Linear Interpolation Anisotropy Ratio: 1 Anisotropy Angle: 0 Output Grid Grid File Name: R:\GENIVAR\Q (Biogaz - WM Ottawa, Surface 2009)\Décembre 2009\Données\FIDGPS_ottawa_14déc2009.grd Grid Size: 97 rows x 100 columns Total Nodes: 9700 Filled Nodes: 4399 Blanked Nodes: 5301 Grid Geometry X Minimum: X Maximum: X Spacing: Y Minimum: Y Maximum: Y Spacing: Grid Statistics Z Minimum: Z 25%-tile: Z Median: Z 75%-tile: Z Maximum: Z Midrange: Z Range: Z Interquartile Range: Z Median Abs. Deviation: Z Mean: Z Trim Mean (10%): Z Standard Deviation: Z Variance: Z Coef. of Variation: Z Coef. of Skewness: Z Root Mean Square: Z Mean Square: