Upstream source control at Stockholm Vatten AB

Transcription

1 Upstream source control at Stockholm Vatten AB Cajsa Wahlberg DANVA Innehåll Short about Stockholm Vatten Why upstream source control? Laws and regulations possible to use Sampling and analysis Requirements for industries and other activities New challenges - households 1

2 Stockholm Vatten AB A public company, owned by the City of Stockholm Provides drinking water for 1,3 million people Treats wastewater from 1,2 million people Manages the drinking water piping network and the sewerage system From 2014 also responsible for household waste Why upstream source control? 1. Physically easier to remove pollutants before they have been diluted with water Leads to less exposure of humans to hazardous substances Protect the receiving waters Improve sludge quality Care for the working environment Protect the WWTP processes Protect the sewer system 2

3 Why upstream source control? 2. Revaq - a certification system for improving sludge quality. Henriksdal and Bromma WWTP are certified Revaq is managed by Svenskt Vatten but with third-partyaudits Water Framework Directive. We need to meet the EQS requirements for the priority substances and the specific pollutants There will be problems with i.e. PFOS, diclofenac Upstream source control is encouraged in the WFD Laws and regulations possible to use in upstream source control Miljöbalken (The Environmental Code) Lagen om allmänna vattentjänster (LAV) (the Public Water and Wastewater Plant Act) ABVA, the local implementations of LAV: the operator is not required to accept ww that differs from household ww the ww must not contain dangerous/unwanted substances 3

4 Sampling - tracing Tunnels and pumping stations WWTP influents and effluents Digested sludge Analysis: 60 elements in sludge once a year 9 heavy metals in sludge every week Heavy metals in WWTP influents one week/month Organic contaminants in sludge 4-12 times a year (PAH, nonylphenol, PCB, DEHP) Organic contaminants in sludge 1-2 times a year (PFAS, phthalates, BFR, organotin, triclosan and more) Industries, workshops and other activites - some examples of our requests Industries Inventory of industrial areas Consultations of requirements set by environmental authorities Periodical inspections Chemicals lists from enterprises - request them to change hazardous substances to less hazardous ones Car repair shops, car washes, etc. Oil separators, inkl. maintenance Sampling & analysis Car care facilities 80% recirculation Water from building activities Drainage water Water from blasting and drilling 4

5 Mercury Control of amalgam separators Cleaning of sewers and water seals (on the premises) Maintenance of our own sewer system 280 kg Hg was removed between 1998 and To compare with 14 kg reaching the WWTPs in Stockholm every year 5

6 Increasing contribution from households Most industrial point sources are taken care of (some old sins still left in contaminated soils and sediments in sewers) As a result, the relative contribution from households and the society is increasing We have to find new ways to mitigate the diffuse sources Examples of diffuse sources Textiles: Electronic equipment: Construction materials: Traffic: Personal care products: Household chemicals AP/APE, silver, triclosan, BFR, phthalates, PFAS, (organotin) BFR, phthalates, (metals, organophosphates) BFR, phthalates (metals, organophosphates, chlorinated paraffins, etc) AP/APE, phthalates, (metals and PAH) AP/APE, silver, triclosan AP/APE, silver, PFC, (organophosphates, etc) 6

7 Bringing upstream source control to a new level (together with Svenskt Vatten) Information campaigns for the households Cooperation! (environmental authorities, the water and ww administrations, business and trade org., other WWTPs, NGO:s etc.) Initiate and collaborate in R&D-projects and investigations Use, and work for, green procurement, ecolabelling etc (Stockholm Chemical Plan) Lobbying (politicians, trade and business org., NGO:s etc.) Teaching and participating in seminars and conferences Cadmium in artist s paints Water colours can contain 45 % Cd! Svenskt Vatten has asked our Minister of env. to urge for a EU ban on Cd in artist paints 7

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9 Nonylphenol NPE was used in car washing detergents A phase-out in Stockholm decreased the levels in the early nineties The use in cleaning products was banned within EU in 2005 The levels in sludge did not decrease as expected In 2007 it was shown that imported textiles contained NPE* NPE leach from the textiles during washing This NPE accounted for almost all NP in the sludge The importers now request the manufaturers to avoid the use of NPE *Naturskyddsföreningen 2007, Månsson et al

10 Triclosan Many campaigns against triclosan in toothpaste Much attention in the media The retailers finally removed triclosan containing toothpastes from the shelves Nowdays hard to find in the stores in Stockholm. Information campaigns Campaigns about leaving your left-over pharmaceuticals to the pharmacies 10

11 Conclusion There are a number of reasons to use upstream source control instead of en-of-pipe removal Most of the industries have already mitigated their effluents Housholds are nowadays larger polluters Many hazardous chemicals are used in consumer goods and materials Information and cooperation are the main tools for action The responsibility - and the possibility - to act lies on many different parties and stakeholders Thank you for your attention! 11