REHVA Seminar at AQUATHERM Technologies for nzeb

Transcription

1 REHVA Seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 Technologies for nzeb March h00-14h00 Prague, Czech Republic Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

2 Seminar Programme IEQ and high energy performance buildings Karel Kabele, CTU in Prague, REHVA President nzeb definitions in Europe Jarek Kurnitski, Tallinn University of Technology, REHVA Vice- President HVAC impact on building valuation Frank Hovorka, Caisse des Dépôts, REHVA Vice-President Energy saving of HVAC systems with continuous monitoring Zoltan Magyar, Budapest University of Technology, REHVA Vice- President EN15603 and other 2nd generation of EPB standards: a firm basis for the NZEB definition Q&A Jaap Hogeling, ISSO, Chair CENTC 371 Program Committee on EPBD Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

3 REHVA professional organisation representing more than building services engineers from 26 European countries Established in 1963 Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

4 More than individual members of NA Co - operation with more than 1500 industrial companies Over 20 journals with more than 110 issues per year Close to 100 congresses per year- focus on HVAC and energy Hundreds of training events Support to more than 10 regular international exhibitions But 26 national languages! Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

5 REHVA Supporters Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

6 Daily activities of REHVA REHVA Committees Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

7 Technology and Research Committee Task Forces International working-groups, focusing on areas where development and/or dissemination of knowledge is needed Indoor climate and energy of school buildings Building simulation Air conditioning inspections HVAC in large commercial buildings Low energy cooling and thermal comfort Advanced air distribution systems HVAC for building owners Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

8 REHVA Task Forces - Guidebooks Guidebooks REHVA Available on or through National associations prof.karel Kabele Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations 8 Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

9 Publishing and marketing committee Focus on European HVAC technology, policy and regulations Six issues a year Technical articles Website International editorial board Prof. Olli Seppänen, Editor-in-Chief Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

10 Education committee REHVA Seminars, workshops, courses Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

11 Education committee REHVA Student Design Competition for graduate student and master students. Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

12 BASIC FACTS 955 participants 60 countries 5 continents 6882 pages proceedings CLIMA HISTORY Year City Papers 1975 Milano 1980 Budapest 1985 Copenhagen Sarajevo London Brussels Naples Lausanne Helsinki Antalya Praha Aalborg??? Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

13 14. Directive on Energy Performance of Buildings Implementation 4,6% 13. HVAC Best Practise Examples 1,6% 12. Commissioning and Facility Management 3,0% 11. Integrated Building Design 4,3% 10. Building Certification Schemes 2,8% 9. Quality of Indoor Environment 22,1% 16. HVAC in Historical Buildings 3,5% 15. Zero Energy Buildings 6,9% 8. Technologies for Intelligent Buildings 5,4% 17. Fire Safety of the Buildings 1,1% Papers topics 7. Artificial and Day Lighting 1,9% 1. Energy Efficient Heating, Cooling and Ventilation of Buildings 23,6% 2. Renewable and High- Efficient Energy Sources 5,9% 3. Advanced Heating, Cooling, Ventilation and Air- Conditioning Systems for Buildings 11,1% 5. Sanitary Systems - Hygiene of Domestic Water Supply Systems, Efficient Use of Potable Water, Environmental Friendly Sewage Disposal 0,9% 4. Energy Efficient Domestic Hot Water Supply Systems 1,0% 6. Advanced Technologies for Building Acoustics 0,2% Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Prof.Karel Kabele, REHVA president

14 Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations INDOOR ENVIRONMENT IN HIGH ENERGY PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS Prof. Ing. Karel Kabele, CSc. CTU in Prague REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 14

15 Indoor Environment of Buildings Up to 90 % of our life we spend indoors ( SZÚ 2012) 16% 5% 4% 7% Streets with traffic Out off the streets Living space Other interior spaces 68% Means of transport Source: Braniš, M., Kolomazníková, J. (2010) Year-long continuous personal exposure to PM2.5 recorded by a fast responding portable nephelometer. Atmospheric Environment 44(24):

16 Indoor Environment of Buildings Ind. Environment influences: Health Productivity Comfort J. Adam Huggins for The New York Times Indoor Environment of Buildings = Internal Microclimate = Indoor Environment (IE)

17 Indoor Environment of Buildings Components of IE Heat - moisture Air quality gases aerosols microorganisms Acoustics Lighting Electro -static, -ion, - magnetic, ionizing and radiation field Psychological comfort (colors, surfaces, architecture...) Source : Jokl 1986 Elmg field Psychic Heat - moisture Indoor environment of buildings Acoustics Air Lighting REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 19

18 Ventilation rates and sick leave Rehva GB 6

19 Rehva GB 6 Temperature and performance

20 ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF THE BUILDINGS REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 23

21 Energy performance of building Hot water Light Heat Energy performance Air Cool means the calculated or measured amount of energy needed to meet the energy demand associated with a typical use of the building, which includes, inter alia, energy used for: Heating Cooling Ventilation Hot water Lighting. Source: DIRECTIVE 2010/31/EU REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 24

22 IEQ PROBLEMS IN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 31

23 Building Envelope Facade Thermal insulation - limit? Advanced materials Vacuum insulation PCM materials active facades Double facades Smart "shading Integrated PV, PT systems zdroj: autor Zdroj:autor zdroj: autor Reduction of heating and cool zdroj:

24 Building envelope Windows Glazing Thermal bridges Active glazing electrochromic? zdroj: autor Heat losses and heat load minimizing Ensuring daylight zdroj: autor

25 Heating of buildings Heating Renewable sources Heat storage Efficient sources Efficient heat distribution (pumps) Heat emission Measurement and control zdroj: autor zdroj: autor Efficient power and power control Renewables zdroj: autor REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 34

26 Building and Indoor Environment Heating Domestic hot water Energy performanc e Cooling, moistenin g Psych Heat - moisture Air Artificial Lighting Ventilatio n Elmg field Indoor environment of buildings Lighting Acoustics REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 35

27 Cooling Reducing heat load Efficient chillers Accumulation of cold Efficient cold distribution High-temperature cooling Control and strategy(night ventilation) Passive systems Efficient power and power control Renewable cold sources zdroj: autor zdroj: autor REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 36

28 Building and Indoor Environment Heating Domestic hot water Energy performanc e Cooling, moistenin g Psych Heat - moisture Air Artificial Lighting Ventilatio n Elmg field Indoor environment of buildings Lighting Acoustics REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 37

29 Ventilation Ventilation air amount optimization CO 2, VOC, IAQ sensors Low-pressure distribution network Natural ventilation Control strategy source: zdroj: autor Natural ventilation systems Controlled mechanical ventilation zdroj: autor zdroj: autor REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 38

30 Example: a consequence of "energy conscious" user behavior Source : Kabele 2006

31 Case study: Refurbished apartment Modern, tight windows Natural ventilation strategy?

32 10:22 11:49 13:16 14:43 16:10 17:37 19:04 20:31 21:58 23:25 0:52 2:19 3:46 5:13 6:40 8:07 9:34 11:01 12:28 13:55 15:22 16:49 18:16 19:43 21:10 22:37 0:04 1:31 2:58 4:25 5:52 7:19 8:46 10:13 11:40 13:07 14:34 16:01 17:28 18:55 20:22 21:49 23:16 0:43 2:10 3:37 5:04 6:31 Koncentrace [ppm] Apartment - bedroom day night day night day night CO ppm CO 2 rhe rhi Ti Te ČAS

33 SCHOOL

34 7:00 7:16 7:32 7:48 8:04 8:20 8:36 8:52 9:08 9:24 9:40 9:56 10:12 10:28 10:44 11:00 11:16 11:32 11:48 12:04 12:20 12:36 12:52 13:08 13:24 13:40 13:56 14:12 14:28 14:44 15:00 15:16 15:32 15:48 16:04 16:20 16:36 16:52 17:08 17:24 17:40 17:56 Ta [ C], Rh [%], počet žáků, poloha okna CO 2 [ppm] Windows closed ppm 1000 ppm čas POČET ŽÁKŮ POLOHA OKEN TEPLOTA VZDUCHU RELATIVNÍ VLHKOST VENKOVNÍ TEPLOTA KONCENTRACE CO2

35 6:00 6:09 6:18 6:27 6:36 6:45 6:54 7:03 7:12 7:21 7:30 7:39 7:48 7:57 8:06 8:15 8:24 8:33 8:42 8:51 9:00 9:09 9:18 9:27 9:36 9:45 9:54 10:03 10:12 10:21 10:30 10:39 10:48 10:57 11:06 11:15 11:24 11:33 11:42 11:51 12:00 12:09 12:18 12:27 Ta [ C], Rh [%], počet žáků, poloha okna CO2 [ppm] Windows opened before lesson ppm čas POČET ŽÁKŮ POLOHA OKEN TEPLOTA VZDUCHU RELATIVNÍ VLHKOST VENKOVNÍ TEPLOTA KONCENTRACE CO2

36 Building and Indoor Environment Heating Domestic hot water Energy performanc e Cooling, moistenin g Psych Heat - moisture Air Artificial Lighting Ventilatio n Elmg field Indoor environment of buildings Lighting Acoustics REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 45

37 Light Daylight and mixed lighting Light ducts Effective sources - LED? Control zdroj: autor Daylighting Artificial new sources zdroj: autor zdroj: autor

38 Building and Indoor Environment Heating Domestic hot water Energy performanc e Cooling, moistenin g Psych Heat - moisture Air Artificial Lighting Ventilatio n Elmg field Indoor environment of buildings Lighting Acoustics REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 47

39 Cold water (w/o DHW) l/pers/hr Domestic Hot Water DHW consumption!! Efficient DHW generation Temperature Distribution network Circulation Control Legionella!!!! Water temperature hygiene Human factor Hot water demand litres/shower 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 zdroj: autor source: Cold water use in residential building Monday Tuesda y Wednes day Thursda y Friday Saturda y Sunday 0, hod zdroj: autor REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 48

40 Building and Indoor Environment Heating Domestic hot water Energy performanc e Cooling, moistenin g Psych Heat - moisture Air Artificial Lighting Ventilatio n Elmg field Indoor environment of buildings Lighting Acoustics Source : Kabele, Dvořáková 2012 REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 49

41 Building and Indoor Environment Heating Domestic hot water Energy performanc e Cooling, moistenin g Psych Heat - moisture Air Artificial Lighting Ventilatio n Elmg field Indoor environment of buildings Lighting Acoustics Source : Kabele, Dvořáková 2012 REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 50

42 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Karel Kabele REHVA seminar at AQUATHERM 2014 prof.karel Kabele 51