Membranes for Industrial Applications. Claudia Staudt, GMM/M BASF SE Ludwigshafen

Transcription

1 Membranes for Industrial Applications Claudia Staudt, GMM/M BASF SE Ludwigshafen

2 Content Introduction Membrane materials Membrane types for industrial applications Approaches for nanoporous membrane preparation Nanocomposites in MF/UF and RO Membranes in emerging applications Summary 2

3 Sustainability will become even more important in the future SUPPLY Earth s resources DEMAND + Annual regenerative capacity of the planet Human beings now demand more from the Earth than can be regenerated Consumption of Earth s resources Source: Accenture. 3

4 BASF targets for water management Abstraction of drinking water for production by 2020 (baseline 2010) Sustainable water management at sites in water stress areas by % Status 2011: -20.9% +100% Status 2011: +2.0% 4

5 BASF targets towards water emissions Organic substances by 2020 (baseline 2002) -80% Status 2011: -73.5% *assuming comparable product portfolio 5

6 Innovation focus moves from molecules to materials and solutions New molecules Improved applications Functionalized materials & solutions Chemistry as key enabler for functionalized materials & solutions Deep understanding of customer value chains required Batteries, membranes... From chemicals to chemistry 6

7 BASF as membrane material supplier Luvitec VA 6535 P CH 3 N OO O n m 1930s: invention of PVP by Prof. Reppe at BASF 1980s: PES/PVP membranes for dialysis Polysulfone, Polyethersulfone: membrane material O 2012: new PVP copolymer for membrane functionalization Polyvinylpyrrolidone: pore modifier, surface modification O S O m n 7

8 Moving towards sustainable system solutions Acquisition of Inge Watertechnologies: extension of the value chain raw materials PES, PVP, NMP elements fibre, module, rack standard package system integrator application improved UF membrane by combination of material know how with the understanding of customer needs know-how in unique Multibore polymer and structure of membrane membrane: modification, superior fiber surface stability structuring 8 leverage synergies to develop improved additives, flocculants and polymers

9 Water purification using membranes stream direction contaminated water inorganic material sediment pesticide PAK antibiotics oestrogen asbestos beta-blocker analgesic hormone radioactive material bacteria disposal pore membrane highly purified water 9

10 Membrane types for different industrial applications Solution-Diffusion Membranes Porous Membranes Differential pressure [bar] Forward osmosis Reverse osmosis Gas permeation Nanofiltration Ultrafiltration Microfiltration Particle filtration Size of molecule/particle [µm] 10

11 Membrane materials for water treatment processes Polysulfone, Polyethersulfone Polyvinylidenfluoride Polypropylene, Polyethylene Cellulose acetate UF 13% MBR 5% NF 5% RO 55% Polyacrylnitril Polyamide MF 22% Ceramics 11

12 Properties of polyethersulfon (Ultrason E) 0.05 good pore size control intrinsic low oligomer content high porosity possible high temperature resistance (Tg: 225 C) membranes with good chemical stability membranes with lower fouling due to higher hydrophilicity compared to other membrane materials dj/drp PESU PVDF pore size (nm) Nijmeier, K, Membrane Technology Group, University of Twente, Netherlands,

13 Fabrication of nanoporous membranes via phase inversion process Prepare polymer solution Casting on the glass plate Phase inversion Casting knife Spreading polymer solution Glass plate Posttreatment Coagulation bath 13

14 Flat sheet membrane (cross-section) Contaminated water Pore size: nm Pore size: micrometer range 14

15 Fabrication of nanoporous structures via amphiphilic block copolymers self organizing block copolymers of styrene/ 4-vinylpyridine via block copolymers homogeneous pore size distribution effective pore diameter 8 nm 500 nm Nature materials, Vol. 6, December 2007, p

16 Fabrication of nanoporous structures via block copolymers with etchable domains triblock copolymers (styrene/divinylbenzene/lactic acid) via block copolymers cross-linked polystyrene domains echable polylactic acid domains Science, Vol 336, 15. Juni 2012, p

17 Nano-composite UF membranes nanoporous silica is used as additives interconnectivity of pores & water uptake is increased fouling reduced Jian Huang, Kaisong Zhang, KunWang, Zongl ixie, Bradley Ladewig, Huanting Wang, Fabrication of polyethersulfone-mesoporous silica nanocomposite ultrafiltration membranes with antifouling properties, Journal of Membrane Science, in print 17

18 Thin film nanocomposite membranes for desalination processes nanoparticle in active layer improved flux less energy consumption Journal of Membrane Science 294 (2007)

19 Thin film nanocomposite membranes for desalination processes Increased hydrophilicity Increased porosity Antifouling due to silver nanoparticles 19

20 Commercial membrane applications chlor alkaline process solvent recovery systems concentration of pigments, dispersions and suspensions food and biotech products: isolation and concentration catalyst recycling gas separation waste water processing 20

21 Membranes for emerging markets Produced water from fracking processes Challenges: varying mixtures (hydrocarbons, metal ions, tensides) mobile systems necessary GeoPure AdvancedHydro System, in the Barnett Shale in May

22 Membranes for emerging markets Mine waste management & mine rehabilitation mine drainage generates tons of sulfuric acid/day pyrite + water + air sulfuric acid + iron (ground water) sulfuric acid + soil + rock elevated metal release into waterways and groundwater remediation can take up to 30 y > polluting, abandoned mine sites globally Environmental Earth Sciences, Discussion Paper, September

23 Membranes for emerging markets 23

24 Summary and outlook number of commercially applied membrane materials is limited promising approaches with nanocomposite materials in oil, fracking and mining processes complex mixtures occur development of hybrid processes & mobile systems necessary 24