Materials efficiency:

Transcription

1 Materials efficiency: Use of LCA to analyze the impacts of the evolution of a Radio Access mounting kit ETSI 3 rd Workshop on ICT Energy Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability Elisabeth Dechenaux ORANGE R&D France Contributors : Lauri Smalén, Timo Junno, Topi Volkov, Timo Galkin, Heikki Karvinen

2 Content OperaNet2 project Resource efficiency Radio access mounting kit and its evolution Evaluation of new material possibilities Conclusions

3 OperaNet2 project Eureka-Celtic project with partial funding from France and Finland: a fully environmental friendly approach for 3G and 4G networks Funding: French Ministry for Economy, Industry and Digital (DGE) ; Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes); Belgium and UK partners self-funded Project duration: 36 months Coordination by Orange 11 Partners For this work package Main challenge for OPERANet2 is to improve Energy and Material efficiency Usage of renewable energy for telecom network Energy efficiency metrics

4 Resource efficiency Resource efficiency is: Optimization of choice, use, reuse and recycling of materials throughout the product life cycle Appraisal of Sustainability 1. Minimizing the Environmental burden 2. Minimizing the use of material including rare earth metals and conflict minerals 3. Increase the use of re-cycled material 4. Savings in production costs Our approach in the assessment of sustainability eco attributes: Eco-attribute Environmental impact Recycled material content Mineral resource and fossil fuel depletion Embodied energy Fossil fuel depletion CO2 -equivalents Climate change Main drivers for mounting kit improvements: Rising volumes - allowing the use of more efficient manufacturing technologies Cost reduction Weight savings

5 Radio access product mounting kit and evolution Used for installation of Nokia Flexi Base station modules (Radio or System Module). REQUIREMENTS & RESTRICTIONS Environmental requirements: UV, flame and corrosion resistance Operational temperature -35 C +85 C C High and low humidity Pole Plinth RRH Mechanical requirements Stiffness required to carry the weight Vibrations from earthquakes and winds Impacts during transportation Material restrictions: Nokia Networks Substance List (ROHS etc.)

6 Radio access product mounting kit and evolution Mounting kit evolution table Version of Mounting kit Main Change Reference Material Manufacturing technology Manufacturing technology Stainless steel (SS) sheet Aluminum (Al) and SS sheet parts Al die cast Design optimizing Al die cast Stainless steel Aluminum Ttl[ Total [g] Recycled content [w %] material n/a n/a 100%* 100%* Developing was realized in six years. * based on primary data from manufacturer

7 Evaluation of new material possibilities: LCA For the new joint ETSI /ITU LCA standard ES Functional unit and system boundaries: Functional unit for this study is one Mounting kit. Cradle to grave is commonly used for the products and used also in this study. The life cycles of the Flexi Mounting kits were divided into 5 life cycle stages: Raw material acquisition Production Transportation Use End-of-life treatment P k i d U h t i l d d i ti lif l Packaging and Use phase were not included in comparative life cycle assessment.

8 Evaluation of new material possibilities: System boundaries Raw material acquisition Secondary processing data from ore to ingot. Raw material transport included in the data. Production Primary data was used for energy consumption of die casting, and secondary data for other materials. National mix of energy (China) was used for calculating emissions during production. Transportations All versions km by ship (China-the Netherlands) 500 km by truck (the Netherlands-Installation site in France End of life treatment) Use no environmental impact End of life treatment and recycling credit - The metals, which represent almost the entire weight of the products, are recyclable. Recycling is credited in raw material acquisition Software tool- The LCA is conducted with SULCA 4.2 tool.

9 Evaluation of new material possibilities: results Three impact categories calculated according to CML 2013 impact assessment method : Global warming potential (GWP) Abiotic depletion potential (ADP) fossil fuels Abiotic depletion potential (ADP) elements General observations: Product evolution decreases environmental impact Higher GWP and ADP fossil fuels for 103, because thought to be produced 100% virgin Al, which causes more emissions than stainless steel. High ADP elements for due to high volume of stainless steel GWP (carbon footprint) 40,0 400,0 ADP fossil fuels 0,6 ADP elements kg CO2 eq. 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 50 5,0 0, MJ 350,0 300,0 250,0 200,0 150,0 100,0 50,00 0, kg Sb eq. 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,

10 Sensitivity Analysis Finland /China Effects on the environment when assumptions of the production place changes to Finland. GWP (carbon footprint) Travelling distances of sensitivity analysis Factory location China Finland Transportation Ship mode Truck kg CO2 eq China 206 Finland End of life treatment Transport Production Raw material acquisition kg CO2 eq. 20,0 18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 00 0,0 GWP (carbon footprint) China Finland MJ China 206 Finland 0 ADP fossil fuels 206 China 206 Finland End of life treatment Transport Production Raw material acquisition

11 Evaluation of new material possibilities : CES selector 2014 Material screening Technical requirements were translated to material properties and indices Following selection criteria used: Mechanical performance (Stiffness and weight) Carbon footprint Price Material with the best combination of those criteria was searched. Literature and material vendors data was necessary for avoiding unpractical material suggestions

12 Evaluation of new material possibilities: material comparison Weights are adapted to respond to the required rigidity Materials comparison: Cast aluminum - especially when recycled is the most suitable material for the application Galvanized steel is good for environmental and price point of view but it is heavy Stainless steel is heavy and expensive Magnesium is light and stiff, but emissions of production are high Reinforced plastic potential option, but further reliability and durability studies are needed for approval Recycled material content: Aluminum 42.6 % (100%) Stainless steel 37.4 % Galvanized steel 55.0 % Magnesium 37.4 % Thermoplastics 0.0 % Stiff and light Ranking with material indices. The lower is better. Stiff and low price Stiff and low CO2 footprint

13 Carbon footprint of the Mounting Kit Cradle to grave without the use phase. 70,00 Carbon footpr rint (kg CO2,eq q) 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0,00 Aluminum, die cast Stainless steel, sheet Magnesium, cast Galvanized steel, sheet metal PC+25 % GF PTT+30 % GF Material production Processing Transportation Disposal Data from EcoAudit tool in CES Selector 2014 PC = Polycarbonate PTT = Polytrimethylene terephthalate GF = Glass Fiber

14 Conclusions Key improvements Product evolution decreased weight by 58% from 6.7 kg to 2.8 kg CO 2 footprint decrease by 9,7kg CO 2 eq Mounting kit is high h volume product and improvement potential ti is significant ifi Finding optimal material choice Environmental and economical parameters have effect on material choice Production and processing have most significant effect on environmental impacts Materials related environmental impact can be effected through materials recycling, used energy mix, and manufacturing process selection LCA usage in environment aware design: Data quality has a major role in the evaluation of the reliability of the results Most of the environmental impacts of the Mounting kits are due to the raw material acquisition and production. Parameters importance, sensitivity analysis Cases for understanding materials efficiency in different levels of telecom infrastructure

15 Questions: Elisabeth Dechenaux R&D expert for ORANGE LCA Goods and services THANK S FOR YOUR ATTENTION