CIBSE Symposium. An investigation into the use of temporal factors for CO 2 emissions accounting in buildings. Sabbir Sidat MIMECHE Barny Evans MCIBSE

Transcription

1 An investigation into the use of temporal factors for CO 2 emissions accounting in buildings CIBSE Symposium Sabbir Sidat MIMECHE Barny Evans MCIBSE

2 A QUESTIONS ARE THESE THE SAME? 1MWh energy generation from photovoltaics 1MWh energy reduction LED lighting 2

3 WE THOUGHT NOT Time of use Long term changes to the grid Impact on peak demand Grid balancing Location 3

4 METHODOLOGY Collect data Elexon / NG Create real time emissions factors Model different building types Compare renewables/energy saving Analysis of results Conclusions / recommendations Fuel Type CO 2 (gco 2 /kwh) Combined cycle gas turbine 360 Open cycle gas turbine 480 Coal 910 Nuclear 0 Wind 0 Pumped storage 0 Non-pumped storage hydro 0 Other 300 Oil 610 French Interconnector 90 Irish Interconnector 450 Dutch Interconnector 550 East-West Interconnector 450 4

5 Carbon Intensity (gco 2 /kwh) Daily Carbon Intensity Variation All Half Hourly Carbon Intensity Generation

6 Carbon Intensity (kgco 2 /kwh) Grid Carbon Intensity 6

7 Carbon Intensity (gco2/kwh) Daily Carbon Intensity Fluctuations January February March April May June July August September October November December

8 ANALYSIS Average carbon intensity during this period was 290g CO 2 /kwh 312g CO 2 /kwh including 7% distribution losses Not directly comparable to 519g CO 2 /kwh used in Part L Lowest carbon intensity - 107g CO 2 /kwh (or 115g CO 2 /kwh inc losses) Highest carbon intensity - 451g CO 2 /kwh (or 485g CO 2 /kwh inc losses) Minimum Lower Quartiler Weighted Average Upper Quartile Maximum 8

9 ENERGY MODELLING Retail 500m 2 Single storey, gas boilers, electric chillers Residential 100m 2 Double storey, gas boilers, natural ventilation Office 1,000m 2 Triple storey, heat pump heating / cooling 9

10 TECHNOLOGIES Lighting Electrical demand reduction Solar PV Electricity generation Solar Thermal Gas demand reduction Battery Storage Electrical demand reduction 10

11 kg CO Lighting (electrical demand reduction) Carbon savings comparison (per MWh) Solar PV (electrical generation) Solar Thermal (gas demand reduction) Battery Storage (electrical demand shifting) Grid average carbon intensity Real time carbon intensity - Retail Real time carbon intensity - Residential Real time carbon intensity - Office 11

12 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Electrical CO 2 savings Static / 20 year factor 20-year savings (kgco2) static 20-year saving (kgco2) - Annual LRM figure Retail (1MWh saving) Domestic (500kWh saving) Commercial (1MWh saving) 12

13 CONCLUSIONS The real time instantaneous carbon intensity of electricity varies significantly Intra and inter-year changes are relevant A static factor is no longer sufficient for GHG / Building Regulations There are other factors that are important AQ, peak power, balancing A new approach is needed 13

14 Deep understanding Future Ready Technical Excellence Thought leading Barny Evans Sabbir Sidat 14