Prof. Carla Severini University of Foggia - Italy Xi an, China 2013 September 26-28

Transcription

1 Total reuse of vegetable industrial waste to produce bio-packaging Prof. Carla Severini University of Foggia - Italy Xi an, China 2013 September 26-28

2 Following the EU strategy it is necessary to minimize waste by increasing recycling rates, so reducing the pressure on demand for primary raw materials, helping to reuse valuable materials which would otherwise be wasted, and reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from extraction and processing ( h#p://ec.europa.eu/resource-efficienteurope)

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4 FOOD INDUSTRY PLASTICS CO 2 Current global consumption is more than 280 million of tonnes

5 FOOD INDUSTRY It leads to the highest global pollution High costs need for waste disposal, so often it is unlawfully avoided The amount of waste is enormous

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7 FAO, 2011

8 PLASTIC Not bio-degradable (from 100 to over 1000 years) Oil derived, not renewable resource CO 2 and other toxic compound emissions by incineration Environment pollution and health damages Recycling often impracticable because of contamination by foodstuff and biological substances

9 Bioplastics The term bioplastics encompasses a whole family of materials which differ from conventional plastics insofar as that they are biobased, biodegradable, or both. Biobased means that the material or product is (partly) derived from biomass (plants). Biomass used for bioplastics stems from e.g. corn, sugarcane, or cellulose.

10 Biopolymers starch based Low amylose cereal and legume flours (USA patent) Mater-Bi is a biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic material made of natural components (corn starch and vegetable oil derivative) and of biodegradable synthetic polyesters (Italian patent)

11 made by Novamont S.p.A (Italy)

12 Biopolymers from vegetable waste Up to now Extraction of polysaccharides from tomato wastes to produce biofilms (CNR Napoli) Extraction of cell wall polysaccharides, in particular cellulose(s), hemicellulose(s), pentosan(s) and pectin(s), and/or of lignin(s) by chemical-thermal and/or enzymatic-thermal and optionally mechanical digestion treatment from vegetable waste (german patent EP B1)

13 Extrusion is a process which combines several unit operations including mixing, cooking, kneading, shearing, shaping and forming. It results particularly suitable to process complex matrixes such as vegetable solid wastes added with starch, for the development of new packaging materials that could result as an interesting alternative to petroleum-derived plastics..

14 Flow sheet Vegetable waste Drying Milling Extrusioncooking Starch Water Plasticizer Biodegradable material for packaging

15 Drying I Cycle II Cycle III Cycle 100,00 90,00 80,00 Moisture (%) 70,00 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 10,00 0, Drying time(minutes)

16 Milling dried vegetable wastes were grinded for the same time and at the same number of rpm trough a laboratory mill Granulometry analysis: the powder was sifted by 5 sieves with different mesh (500, 300, 250, 180, and 100 microns).

17 Extrusion-cooking with a co-rotating twin screw extruder Clextral model BC21 (Ferminy, France).

18 Properties

19 35 30 Flexibility (mm) Breaking load (N) c a a b a a a b a 5 a b a 0 Aluminium Cardboard Polystyrene Plastic Corrugated cardboard Materials Prototype mechanical properties (flexibility and breaking load) of different materials

20 mechanical properties (flexibility and breaking load) of prototype stored for a week at different temperatures.

21 Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) Packaging materials WVTR (30 C, 90 % U.R.) g/m 2 * day Aluminium foil 0 Prototype 3.16 *10-3 Cardboard 2.00*10-2 Cellophane 3.75 *10-2

22 Work in progress. Oxygen transpiration rate Shelf life Eventual presence of off flavours

23 Prospects The potential applications in the food packaging of this material could be, for instance: boxes/cases for the transport and storage of wine containers for egg transporting cork for wine bottle etc.

24 Thanks For more information: Prof. Carla Severini