Testing research on real world emission characteristics of heavy duty vehicles and influencing factors

Transcription

1 Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae Vol. 25,No. 7 Jul., 2005,,,. [J ].,2005,25 (7) : CHEN Changhong, J ING Qiguo, WANG Haikun, et al. Testing research on real world emission characteristics of heavy duty vehicles and influencing factors[j ]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2005,25 (7) : , 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1,Matt Barth 3,Nick Nikkila 3 11, , Riverside, : : : : Sensors SEMTECH2D 7, 186 km, , , , ,.,, 17 %,2316 %, 3110 %, 2815 %. CO THC NO x ( ) g km - 1 ( ) g km - 1 ( ) g km - 1,.,. :; ; ; SEMTECH2D ; : (2005) :X701 :A Testing research on real world emission characteristics of heavy duty vehicles and influencing factors CHEN Changhong 1, 3, J ING Qiguo 1, WANG Haikun 2, PAN Hansheng 1, LI Li 1, HUANG Cheng 2, ZHAO Jing 2, DAI Yi 2, HUANG Haiying 1, Matt Barth 3, Nick Nikkila 3 11 Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai ; 21 Resources and Environmental Engineering Institute, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai ; 31 University of California, Riverside, CA,USA Received 29 November 2004 ; received in revised form 4 April 2005 ; accepted 14 April 2005 Abstract : Real world vehicle emission tests of seven heavy2duty diesel trucks were conducted using SEMTECH2D, an instrument provided by the US Sensors Company. The road distance of testing was 186 km. Data were obtained for 29,090 seconds effective driving cycles, including 12,979 on main roads, 12,368 on second2class roads, and 3,743 on throughways. The profile of fleet speed and acceleration2deceleration on different types of road was explored, and the influence of vehicle speed and acceleration on emissions was analyzed. Results showed that the average idling operating ratio on the selected roads was 17 % of the total time, the acceleration operating ratio occupied %, regular speed operating ratio was %, and deceleration operating ratio was %. The averaged emission factors of CO, THC, and NO x for the selected vehicles are g km - 1, g km - 1 and g km - 1, respectively, and their corresponding standard deviations are g km - 1, g km - 1 and g km - 1, respectively. The vehicle emission levels varied greatly with factors like speed and acceleration. The testing results were believed to basically reflect the traffic situation and the current emission status of diesel trucks in Shanghai. Low speed conditions and frequent acceleration were regard as the main factors that aggravate vehicle emissions. Because of the limited testing equipment and methods available, PM 10 did not measured in this research, and future study will include the measurement of fine particles. Keywords :heavy2duty diesel vehicle ; real world ; emission testing ; SEMTECH2D ; Shanghai :( ) : (1954 ),,,E2mail : sh. cn ; 3 ( ) Foundation item :Shanghai Sustainable Environment and Transport Indicators ( ) Biography :CHEN Changhong (1954 ), male, professor, E2mail : sh. cn ; 3 Corresponding author

2 7 : ,, 10 %, [1 ], [2 ]., [3, 4 ]., [5, 6 ] [7 ] [8 ] [9 ] (MOBILE)., [10 ] [11 ] [12 ],. [13 ] ECE215. [14 ]..,,.,,.,. Πt Πt Riverside ( CE - CERT) ( Mobile Emission Lab) [15 ],,., (WRI) EPA CE - CERT,,. 1 ( Measurement system and testing method) 111, ( ) ( ) km., 5159 km, 18 % ;14135 km, 46 % ; km, 36 % , 5, km,, 1. 1 Table 1 Basic information of trucks for emission test Πt ΠkW Πkm E > Sensors SEMTECH2D (sensors emission technology),. (NDIR) CO CO 2, (FID) THC, (NDUV) NO NO 2, O 2. ( GPS), ( ),., Fitzpatrick Container,,,.

3 872 25,., ( Test results) , CO THC NO x. 2. 3,- CO THC NO x. 1 Fig. 1 Sketch of real world vehicle emission measurement system 2,,,,,. 2 3 Fig. 2 Typical type of raw testing data of truck 3

4 7 : , km h - 1,2310 km h - 1, m s - 2,3.,,. 015 m s - 2.,, 611 %,, km h km h - 1,3510 km h - 1, 8412 km h - 1.,( ) 015 m s - 2.,,,.,.,. 3 ( Analysis and discussion) 3 Fig. 3 Distribution of speed2acceleration2driving pattern dots 3,, 1916 %, 5 10 km h km h - 1,2310 km h - 1, 6815 km h - 1, ( ) 115 m s m s - 2., 1915 %,.,,, 5 10 km h km h - 1, 1914 km h - 1, 6411 km h - 1, ( ) 110 m s , 3, -,. 4,,. 2, 2.,,,,, 0 6s, 1 L h L h - 1, 3.,.,. ( 10 L h - 1 ), 0136 m s - 2, 113 km h - 1.,,., ( > 110 m s - 2 ),,,. (17 km h - 1 ),, 1Π6. 4 ;

5 Fig. 4 Profile of vehicle speed, acceleration and fuel consumption when vehicle crosses intersections,, (3).,,, CO THC NO x. 110 m s - 2,CO g s - 1 ( > 0),THC g s - 1,NO x g s - 1 ( > 0)..,,,6. 2, 2., 6s,, ;,,,THC,CO THC.,,,THC CO.,,, NO x,no x. 6, 5 Fig. 5 Relationship between speed2acceleration2deceleration2 emission ratio

6 7 : 875 ;, Fig. 6 Vehicle speed and air pollution level in exhaust gas when vehicle crosses intersections ,.. 2 7,, 17 %, 5 %,CO THC NO x 8 % 12 % 6 % ; 24 %, 38 %, 58 %,CO THC NO x 57 % 41 % 54 % ; 31 %,32 %,24 %,CO THC NO x 22 %,25 % 25 % ; 29 %,31 %,12 %, CO THC NO x CO THC NO x 14 % 21 % 15 % g km - 1, g km - 1,CO THC NO x ( ) ,,, (VSP) ( Profile),,, Jimenez Constance [17 19 ] t,, MOBILE 2b ( HDDV2b) [20 ].,7 CO THC NO x ( ) g km - 1 ( ) g km - 1 ( ) g km - 1, (2003) MOBILE5a (CO : 5163 g km - 1 ; THC : 4119 g km - 1 ;NO x : g km - 1 ), CO MOBILE, THC NO x MOBILE 58 % 71 %.,MOBILE. 4 ( Conclusion) 1),. 23 km h - 1, 1914 km h - 1,35 km h - 1. ( ).

7 Table 2 Driving pattern and real world emission test result Π Π(km h - 1 ) % 2015 % 3117 % 2812 % % 3612 % 3118 % 2819 % % 2217 % 3013 % 2817 % % 2316 % 3110 % 2815 % Πkm Π(L h - 1 ) Π ( L 100 km - 1 ) CO Π(mg s - 1 ) THC Π(mg s - 1 ) NO x Π(mg s - 1 ) CO Π(g km - 1 ) THC Π(g km - 1 ) NO x Π(g km - 1 ) Fig. 7 Driving pattern on emission &fuel consumption

8 7 : Table 3 Vehicle speed and emission factor of individual heavy duty vehicles from the on2road test Π (km h - 1 ) Π (km h - 1 ) CO Π (g km - 1 ) THC Π (g km - 1 ) NO x Π (g km - 1 ) ),, CO THC NO x.,.,,. 3) CO 4141 g km - 1, THC 1177 g km - 1,NO x 6196 g km ),CO THC NO x, (PM 10 ),, PM 10,. : (1954 ),,,., ( 2)., 50. : 508 : ; ; : ;: ; E2mail sh. cn. ( References) : [ 1 ] National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook (2001) [M]. Beijing : China Statistical Publisher, 2001 : (in Chinese) [ 2 ] Xie S D, Zhang Y H, Tang X Y. Current situation and trend of motor vehicle exhaust pollution in urban areas of China [ J ]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2000, 13 ( 4) : ( in Chinese) [ 3 ] Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Tsinghua University, Beijing Automobile Research Institute, Atmospheric Research Institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, et al. Strategy research for vehicle emission pollution control in Model City of China ( World Band loan Chinaπs Environmental Assistance Project B2923) [ R]. Beijing, 1997 :8 12 (in Chinese) [ 4 ] Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences. The strategy for reducing the dangerous vehicle emission in Shanghai city ( World Band2Shanghai Urban Transport project phase II) [ R ]. Shanghai, 1997 (in Chinese) [ 5 ] Fu L X, He K B, He D Q, et al. A study on models of MOBILE source emission factors [J ]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 1997, 17 (4) : (in Chinese) [ 6 ] Fu L X, Hao J M, He D G, et al. The emission characteristics of pollutants from motor vehicles in Beijing [ J ]. Environmental Science, 2000, 21 (3) : (in Chinese) [ 7 ] He D Q, Hao J M, He K B, et al. Vehicle emission factors determination using model calculation [J ]. Environmental Science, 1998, 19 (3) : 7 10 (in Chinese) [ 8 ] Zhu C J. Coefficient of vehicular emission discharge and trend of pollution in Guangzhou City [ J ]. China Environmental Science, 1997, 17 (3) : (in Chinese) [ 9 ] Li X G, Yang X G, Wang W, et al. Motor vehicles exhaust emission factors for urban transportation planning [ J ]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2001, 1 (4) : (in Chinese) [10 ] Chen C H, Fang C Z, Bao X H. Estimation of motor vehicle emissions in Shanghai proper [J ]. Shanghai Environmental Science, 1997, 16 (6) : (in Chinese) [11 ] Dai L S, Hu X J, Gu Y Q. Building the emission test cycle of Shanghai district[j ]. Shanghai Auto, 1997 (6) : 5 6 (in Chinese) [12 ] Zhou Z X, Yuan Y, Liu X L, et al. The study of driving cycle and emission factor of vehicle in Bejing city [ J ]. Circumstantiae, 2000, 20 (1) : (in Chinese) Acta Scientiae [13 ] Deng S X, Shi B Z. An experimental study on pollutant emission factors of light duty vehicles in China [ J ]. Science, 1999, 19 (2) : (in Chinese) China Environmental [14 ] Du Q, Yang Y X, Zheng W, et al. The study of vehicle emission properties on real2road condition and the influence of some important factors[j ]. Transactions of CSICE, 2002, 20 (4), (in Chinese)

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