Thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR ): A platform technology to contribute present energy, environmental and resource challenges.

Transcription

1 Thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR ): A platform technology to contribute present energy, environmental and resource challenges. Nils Jäger, Johannes Neumann, Andreas Apfelbacher, Robert Daschner, Andreas Hornung SeMoBioEnergy Stakeholder Workshop Center for Energy Storage Conceptión, Thursday 9 th March Nils Jäger Sheet 1

2 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Research and development International research with focus on direct use for both private and public sector, and for the benefit of society Application-orientated fundamental research Entrepreneurship Institutes organized as profit-centers A third of the budget are revenues from industrial projects Spin-offs are promoted Contracting parties/ clients Industrial and service companies Public sector Facts and figures > staff members 69 research institutes 2.1 bn annual research budget Oberhausen Sulzbach-Rosenberg Sheet 2

3 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Facts and Figures of Fraunhofer UMSICHT Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology Founding 1990 Overall budget Mio. Staff Spin-Offs (318 permanent staff) Institute Branch Sulzbach-Rosenberg since 1 st of July 2012 Area Oberhausen Area Sulzbach-Rosenberg Sheet 3

4 Fraunhofer UMSICHT Thermochemical biomass conversion What is pyrolysis? Thermochemical decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen at elevated temperatures Two major biomass related technical applications Charring of wood by slow pyrolysis Production of pyrolysis oil by fast pyrolysis Sheet 4

5 Fraunhofer UMSICHT Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR A Platform technology to use residues and to produce storable energy carriers Feedstock Intermediate Pyrolysis Syngas Carbonisate Catalytic Reforming Oil Sheet 5

6 Fraunhofer UMSICHT; MEV Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Concept Biogas digestate Oil Fuel Industrial residue CHP Syngas Agriculture residue Chem. products Thermo-Catalytic Reforming (TCR ) Sewage sludge Soil conditioners Carbonisate Municipal waste Gasification/ combustion Sheet 6

7 Fraunhofer UMSICHT; Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Wide range of validated feedstocks Sewage sludge/ Lodo de Tratamiento de Aguas residuales Lignin / Lignina Bioactivated sludge / Lodo Activo Horse manure / Estiércol de Caballo MSW/RSU (Residuo Sólido Urbano) Chicken manure / Estiércol de Aves Paper sludge / Lodos del Papel Sieve residues / Residuos de Tamizado Digestate / Digestato Coffee grounds / Poso del Café Nappies / Pañales Pruning residues / Residuos de Poda Paint sludge / Lodos de la Pintura Nutshells / Cáscaras de Nuez Mill residues / Residuos del Molido Sheet 7

8 Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Products and their characteristics Syngas with a high hydrogen content Almost tar, aromatic and dust free gas Engine-ready gas Adjustable hydrogen content Fuel Carbonisate with a high for a quality variety of applications No High tar soil issues stability Miscible Transportable with fossil/bio and storable fuels Low Very fraction low H and of non-volatiles O content Fuel with a high quality No tar issues Miscible with fossil/bio fuels Low fraction of non-volatiles Sheet 8

9 Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Product utilization Syngas Energetic Use CHP Engine Dual Fuel Engine (with Biooil) Material Use Synthesis Gas Green Hydrogen Gas Burner (Heating) H Sheet 9

10 Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Product utilization char Energetic Use Co-Combustion in Power plant Cement Industry Barbecue Coal Distributed Combustion Material Use Soil Improvement Animal feed additive Filter Material (Activated Carbon) Reduction in metal process Sheet 10

11 The Thermo-Catalytic Reforming technology Properties of various crude TCR bio-oils Sheet 11

12 TCR bio-oil as renewable fuels General properties of TCR bio-oil TCR bio-oil is miscible with ethanol, biodiesel, vegetable oil, gasoline, diesel, crude oil TCR bio-oil + syngas directly applicable on dual fuel engines TCR bio-oil is free of organic acids TCR bio-oil is atmospheric distillable without coking Distillation example of TCR bio-oil IBP: Initial Boiling Point FBP: Final Boiling Point Neumann, J. et al., 4th International Conference Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass Proceedings, 2016 Sheet 12

13 TCR bio-oil as renewable fuels Mobility and power generation Successful operation of diesel engines on TCR bio-oil since 2014 Mobile application of TCR bio-oil and biodiesel in a 20/80 ratio Sheet 13

14 Cylinder Pressure (bar) Engine tests Cylinder pressure at 100% load RME 100% FAME TCR30_DBO10_RME90 10% TCR BioOil + 90% FAME 50% TCR BioOil + 50% FAME TCR30_DBO50_RME Crank Angle ( CA) KW Energie Kubota V3300-E Apfelbacher, A. et al., Papers of the 24 th European Biomass Conference, 2016 Sheet 14

15 Cylinder Pressure (bar) Engine tests Cylinder pressure for dual fuel engine operation Blend1 67% 13kW_13 TCR 10 BO + 33% FAME Blend1+Gas1 67% TCR 13kW_13 BO + 33% FAME + Gas Crank Angle ( CA) KW Energie Kubota V3300-E Apfelbacher, A. et al., Papers of the 24 th European Biomass Conference, 2016 Sheet 15

16 Upgrading of TCR bio-oil for renewable fuels Hydrotreating of TCR bio-oil from digestate H 2 + catalyst H 2 O H 2 S NH 3 1. stage TCR bio-oil Hydrotreated TCR bio-oil (HBO) Sheet 16

17 HYDROTREATING Upgrading of TCR bio-oil for renewable fuels Hydrotreating of TCR bio-oil from digestate TCR BIO-OIL HYDROTREATED TCR BIO-OIL (HBO) C H N S O (diff.) H2O Ash 77.6 wt% 8.0 wt% 4.6 wt% 0.6 wt% 7.0 wt% 2.2 wt% < wt% LHV 34.0 MJ/kg TAN 2.1 mg KOH/g Viscosity 4.4 mm²/s Density kg/m³ C H N S O (diff.) H2O Ash 86.2 wt% 13.0 wt% < 0.5 wt% 0.01 wt% < 0.7 wt% wt% < wt% LHV MJ/kg TAN < 0.1 mg KOH/g Viscosity 0.97 mm²/s Density 815 kg/m³ Flash point < - 20 C Yield 83 wt% Neumann, J.; Jäger, N.; Apfelbacher, A.; Daschner, R.; Binder, S.; Hornung: Biomass and Bioenergy, 2016 Sheet 17

18 Upgrading of TCR bio-oil for renewable fuels Renewable TCR naphtha from sewage sludge Gasoline standard EN 228 min max Property Unit HDO TCR naphtha Density kg/m³ - 5 Evaporation residue mg/100ml - 35 Aromates % (V/V) - 18 Olefines % (V/V) - 1 Benzene Benzol % (V/V) - 10 Sulfur mg/kg - 5 Lead mg/l - 2 Manganese mg/l - 2,7 Oxygen % (m/m) E70 % (V/V) E100 % (V/V) 75 - E150 % (V/V) End of Boiling Point C - 2 Distillation residue % (V/V) Vapour pressure DVPE kpa Lower Heating Value MJ/kg 44,0 Carbon %(m/m) 85,6 Hydrogen %(m/m) 14,4 Nitrogen %(m/m) < 0,01 Neumann, J. et al., 21st International Symposium on Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Nancy, 2016 Sheet 18

19 Upgrading of TCR bio-oil for renewable fuels Renewable TCR diesel from sewage sludge Diesel standard EN 590 min max Property Unit HDO TCR diesel 51 - Cetane Number 46 - Cetane Index Density at 15 C kg/m³ - 8 PAH % (m/m) - 10 Sulfur mg/kg 55 - Flash point C - 0,01 Ash content % (m/m) Water content mg/kg Class 1 Class 1 Copper strip corrosion (3 hours at 50 C) Class Lubricity at 60 C μm 2 4,5 Viscosity at 40 C mm 2 /s -20 (Winter) 0 (Summer) CFPP C - < 65 Volume at 250 C %V/V 85 - Volume at 350 C %V/V %(V/V) recovered at C Lower Heating Value MJ/kg 42,8 Carbon % (m/m) 86,2 Hydrogen % (m/m) 13,8 Oxygen %(m/m) < 0,5 Nitrogen % (m/m) < 0,5 Neumann, J. et al., 21st International Symposium on Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Nancy, 2016 Sheet 19

20 Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Product utilization Bio-Oil Crude TCR -Oil Fuel Blends Dual Fuel Engine (with Syngas) CHP Engine Up-graded TCR -Oil Green Diesel Green Naptha and Jet Fuel Green Chemicals Sheet 20

21 Thermo-Catalytic Reforming TCR Level of development Operational capacity: 2 kg/h Heat Source: electrical Design: compact (experimental scale) Purpose: initial feasability testing of materials Operational capacity: 30 kg/h Heat Source: electrical Design: pilot (demonstration scale) Purpose: long duration and CHP testing Operational capacity: 300 kg/h Heat Source: thermal (biogenious) Design: Commercial scale Purpose: Fully decentralised renewable CHP system Sheet 21

22 Up-Scaling of the TCR Technology Product distribution for sewage sludge MASS BALANCE ENERGY BALANCE 100% 90% 14% 17% 100% 90% 6% 5% 80% 13% 12% 80% 20% 25% 70% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 22% 23% 13% 10% Syngas Bio-oil Aqu. phase Char (a.f.) Ash 60% 50% 40% 30% 36% 35% Losses Syngas Bio-oil Char 20% 38% 38% 20% 38% 35% 10% 10% 0% TCR2 TCR30 0% TCR2 TCR30 Daschner, R.; Jäger, N., BE Sustainable,7,2016 Sheet 22

23 Summary Strength of the TCR -technology Thermo-Catalytic reforming of various residues into storable high quality energy carriers Marketable products (gas, oil, carbonisate) straight from the primary process, low risk through adjustable distribution of products Products are free of tar, because of controlled process management Energy efficient process through compact, integrated construction Sheet 23

24 Thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR ): A platform technology to contribute present energy, environmental and resource challenges. Thank you very much for you attention Contact: Fraunhofer UMSICHT Institute Branch Sulzbach-Rosenberg An der Maxhütte Sulzbach-Rosenberg Internet: Nils Jäger Center for Energy Storage nils.jaeger@umsicht.fraunhofer.de Prof. Dr. Andreas Hornung andreas.hornung@umsicht.fraunhofer.de Sheet 24