Impact of Technology and CO 2 on the Future of System Architecture

Transcription

1 Impact of Technology and CO 2 on the Future of System Architecture E360 Forum Chicago, IL October 5, 2017 Derek Gosselin Director Technical Product Support Hillphoenix

2 Insight in Industry Trends and Changing Landscape 2

3 Regulatory and Legislative Landscape Use existing Clean Air Act authority of Significant New Alternative Policy (SNAP) program to approve climate-friendly chemicals, prohibit some uses of most harmful chemical alternatives Update (August 2017): The EPA s ruling to ban the use of high-gwp refrigerants R-404A and R-507A is in question by the U.S. Court of Appeals. 3

4 Regulatory and Legislative Landscape (cont d.) The Short-Lived Climate Pollutant (SLCP) strategy website is online at: 4

5 Industry Trends and Refrigerant Update 5

6 Industry Trends and Refrigerant Update Status Refrigerant Class Type Number Other Names/Components ODP ODP GWP A1 A1 HCFC R22 Freon Past A1 A1 HFC R404A R125/143a/134a, HP A1 A1 HFC R507A R125/134a, AZ A1 A1 HFC R407A R32/125/134a Current A1 A1 HFC R407F/C R32/125/134a /1744 A1 A1 HFC 134A Single Component Refrigerant High Pressure HFC HFC A1 A1 HFC R410A R125/32, AZ-20, Puron (675) A1 A1 HFO/HFC R450A N ze/R134a New & Retrofit A1 A1 HFO/HFC 513A XP yf/R134a Blends A1 A1 HFO/HFC R448A N40 N40 Honeywell A1 A1 HFO/HFC R449A XP40 XP40 Chemours A1 A1 CO CO 2 2 R744 CO CO B2L B2L NH3 R717 Ammonia 0 0 <1 Natural Fluids A3 A3 HC HC R290 Propane A3 A3 HC HC R600a Isobutane A3 A3 HC HC R1270 Propylene

7 Industry Trends and Refrigerant Update HFC HFC/HFO NATURAL

8 Refrigerant Impacts on System Architectures 8

9 System Architectures to Reduce or Eliminate High-GWP Refrigerants Distributed 100% HFC charge Reduced GWP with HFO blends Secondary Glycol or CO 2 +/-50% charge reduction with ability to use natural refrigerant CO 2 Cascade 60 to 70% charge reduction with ability to use natural refrigerant CO 2 Booster 100% natural refrigerant Micro Distributed Small charged, Glycol-cooled, self-contained 9

10 Why CO 2 as a Refrigerant? Environmental Impact Refrigerant ODP GWP CO 2 R HCFC R HFC R404A HFC R407A HFO R448A HFO R449A NH3 R Benefits of CO GWP (Global Warming Potential) 0 - ODP (Ozone Depleting Potential) Non-Toxic and Non-Flammable ASHRAE classified A1 refrigerant System Efficiency Refrigerant Cooling Capacity (BTU/lb) HFC R507A 75.4 HFC R404A 77.5 HFC R410A 93.1 CO 2 R NH3 R High Cooling Capacity Smaller compressors & line sizing Less refrigerant High Density Increases coil efficiency, lower TD 10

11 CO 2 Booster Architecture Benefits of CO 2 Booster Technology HFC-free system; CO 2 only CO 2 is a natural refrigerant; GWP=1 High-quality heat reclaim opportunities Simple oil management system Electronic expansion valves in all cases Familiar components to traditional DX system Low-temp system very similar to cascade system 11

12 SN Advansor CO 2 Booster Technology GAS COOLER AND HEAT RECLAIM LOADS High-Pressure Control Valve TRANSCRITICAL COMPRESSORS HIGH PRESSURE EXPANSION VALVE MT DISPLAY CASES Gas Cooler/Condenser Flash Tank (Receiver) FLASH TANK (INTERCOOLER) FLASH GAS CONTROL VALVE EEV Flash Gas By-pass Valve SLHE LT DISPLAY CASES SUBCRITICAL COMPRESSORS EEVs and Case Controller EEV 12

13 Advancements in Technology Acceptance and Growth of CO 2 Booster Technology

14 Growth of CO2 Booster Architecture in North America

15 Growth of CO2 Booster Architecture in North America

16 Continuous Advancement in CO 2 Booster Warm Climate Technologies Parallel Compression Systems Peak savings 12 20% Annual savings 6 8% Adiabatic Gas Coolers Peak savings % Annual savings 8 12% Intermediate Pressure CO 2 Outlet High Pressure CO 2 Inlet Gas Ejector Systems Work in combination with parallel compression Peak savings 15 23%; annual savings 8 10% Lower Pressure CO 2 Inlet 16

17 CO 2 Application in a Warmer Climate Elimination of HFCs and reduce the carbon footprint Energy comparison with the customer s traditional R-407A system Adiabatic condenser applied to the system for warm climate August 2017 opening of the first installation in United States with Parallel Compression with Gas Ejector in Woodstock, Georgia 17

18 Challenge and Focus on First Cost CO 2 system costs are coming down. Growth with OEMs, wholesalers, contractors and end users 18

19 Understanding Challenges and Benefits of CO 2 Booster Systems CHALLENGES Increased Capital Cost CO 2 systems currently cost more with addition of case controllers and EEVs. Availability of Refrigeration Contractors CO 2 booster systems are similar to traditional DX systems, but require some additional training for installation, startup and maintenance, which is available through the Hillphoenix Learning Center. Impact on Energy Performance With the low critical point of CO 2 versus traditional DX systems, ambient conditions impact the performance of the systems. Adiabatic condensers and parallel compression are recommended in warmer climates. Tangible Benefits (Things we can calculate) Savings on startup refrigerant charge Savings on refrigeration installation Savings on electrical installation Savings on case performance with EEVs Savings on energy Intangible Benefits (Things we know, but are hard to calculate) Future cost avoidance of HFC retrofits Relief from leak and recordkeeping requirements Savings PM program with lower-cost refrigerant Better quality product with better case controls Impact on social responsibility 19

20 Supporting the Purchase of New Technology Understanding the challenges and overcoming first cost Capital cost of the equipment Installation and maintenance costs Energy evaluation Refrigerant management Impact on our environment Understanding an ROI and the impact on total cost of ownership 20

21 Trends in Changing Our Decision-Making Process First Cost First Cost Total Cost of Ownership Installed Cost Energy Cost What are we spending? Maintenance Cost What are we saving? Understanding total cost of ownership will provide the savings that can offset first cost. 21

22 Overcoming First Cost Difference With an ROI Over coming first cost difference with an ROI Sample ROI Option A Option B R407A DX Advansor Difference Refrigeration System Capital Cost $ 345,282 $ 488,103 $ 142,821 Refrigerated Display Cases Capital Cost $ 521,288 $ 576,527 $ 55,239 Equipment Capital Cost $ 866,570 $ 1,064,630 $ 198,060 Estimated Start-up Refrigerant $ 20,800 $ 2,250 $ (18,550) Estimated Equipment Installation $ 398,486 $ 298,000 $ (100,486) Estimated Electrical Installation $ 277,388 $ 248,000 $ (29,388) Estimated Installation Savings $ 696,674 $ 548,250 $ (148,424) Estimated Installed Cost $ 1,563,244 $ 1,612,880 $ 49, % 3.0% Annual refrigeration Savings (20%) $ (3,770) Annual Energy Savings (.10 kwh rate) $ (16,036) Total Estimated Annual Savings $ (19,806) Possible Utility Incentives? Equipment Cost - Installation Savings $ 49,636 ROI with Annual Savings 2.5 Years All ROI are different and vary based off the baseline being compared to.

23 What s the Next Game Changer? 25 May 2017 GAME CHANGER: SMUD S NATREF INCENTIVES FOR REDUCING GHG EMISSIONS With special coverage utility incentive programs, the May 2017 issue of Accelerate America features the Sacramento Municipal Utility Program s new incentive program for natural refrigerant systems; this includes an unprecedented incentive for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that could lead to a major shift in the marketplace for natural refrigerant systems. Also in the May issue: Nestle s pioneering effort to use natural refrigerants in its industrial and food retail applications; updates on the planned increases in the amount of hydrocarbons allowed in commercial and residential refrigeration equipment; and two New York City-area utilities that are starting to evaluate CO 2 refrigeration systems for energy incentives and more! 23

24 Quickly evolving industry requires understanding the available options in order to make the best decision for your business. 24

25 Lessons Learned Change is coming and we need to understand our options so we can make good business decisions New lower GWP HFO blend refrigerants provide an alternative for traditional DX refrigeration The trend is moving to natural refrigerants globally and can be a long term solution in North America Looking past first cost and understanding installed cost and it s impact on Total Cost of Ownership

26 Thank You! Questions? DISCLAIMER Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for use of the information and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated herein or that other measures may not be required. 26