The Political and Practical Potential of Non-State Actor Collaboration

Transcription

1 The Political and Practical Potential of Non-State Actor Collaboration

2 Urban Climate Governance in Brazilian Cities: Actions and Agents Fabiana Barbi, PhD Center for Environmental Studies and Research University of Campinas UNICAMP - Brazil

3 Main research question How have Brazilian cities responded to the climate change challenge in terms of political strategies and institutional arrangements?

4 Case studies Source: Barbi and Ferreira, 2017

5 Climate change risks in Brazilian cities 85% of population live in urban areas 185 million people

6 Source: Barbi and Ferreira, 2013; Barbi, 2015; Barbi and Ferreira, 2017 Climate policy in Brazilian cities City Year of policy approval Targets / intentions to reduce GHG emissions Adaptation strategies Stakeholder participation in the policy-making process Participation in climate networks Belo Horizonte 2011 X X X X Feira de Santana 2011 X Fortaleza 2017 X X X X Palmas 2003 X Recife 2014 X X X X Rio de Janeiro 2011 X X X X São Paulo 2009 X X X X

7 What institutional arrangements have emerged in urban climate governance in Brazilian cities? Municipal Forums of Climate Change Comprised of stakeholders from the local, state and federal government, universities and organized civil society. Its main purpose was the articulation to the development and establishment of municipal climate policy.

8 What mitigation and adaptation strategies were adopted by Brazilian cities? Mitigation GHG emissions reduction targets and deadlines; Involvement of transport, energy, solid waste and construction sectors: Prioritization of public transport; Biogas plant; Selective waste collection; Sustainable construction actions.

9 What mitigation and adaptation strategies were adopted by Brazilian cities? Adaptation Development of municipal adaptation plan; Involvement of civil defense, land use and health sectors: Restoration of permanent preservation areas; Reclassification of unhealthy and risky housing areas.

10 How the climate agenda is being addressed and framed by Brazilian cities? Municipal Committees on Climate Change Connected to the Department of Environment; Responsible for policy implementation; Participation of other governmental sectors; Participation of state government, research institutes, NGOs, private sector and legislative body. Municipal Committee on Climate Change meeting in Belo Horizonte

11 What is the role of climate change transnational city-networks in Brazilian climate governance? Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo are C40 members. Most cities are members of the cooperation network ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability and were members of ICLEI s CCP campaign (Cities for Climate Protection). Most cities participated in projects with ICLEI regarding climate change mitigation: Energy issues, sustainable procurement and construction, waste management, and urban sustainability planning. Issue areas related to adaptation are still emerging.

12 The role of climate change transnational city-networks in Brazilian climate governance Direct action and target setting: Support to policy development and implementation: Peer to peer exchange activities for local governments: Dissemination of information to governments: Most projects focus on policy development; Policy recommendations and guidelines developed in accordance with the city s reality and context; Through projects with model and satellite cities, and technical visits to other cities in the ICLEI network; Portals, manuals, case studies; Capacity building for governments: Seminars, workshops, and training courses.

13 Barriers to climate change governance in Brazilian cities Difficulty to involve other stakeholders in the policy implementation; Lack of interaction with other levels of governance (state and national actions); Adaptation is characterized by disaster management rather than climate change risks management; hipertextoweb.com.br Mitigation strategies are not intended to change urban life styles responsible for GHG emissions.

14 Opportunities to climate change governance in Brazilian cities Brazilian municipal climate policies are isolated initiatives within the national context; Science-Policy dialogue needs to be strenghened (future scenarios incorporated in adaptation plans); Need to understand the role of nonstate actors (organized civil society/private sector) in urban climate governance in Brazil. hipertextoweb.com.br

15 Research contribution Address the knowledge gap on the role of Brazilian cities in climate change governance and the internalization process of the climate issue in terms of political strategies and institutional arrangements in Brazilian cities. Contribute to the analysis of the extent and limitations of the political responses of climate change within the perspective of the Anthropocene and to the advancement of the debate on the climate issue in the Brazilian context; It is expected that the results of this research will point to suggestions for public policies on climate change mitigation and adaptation at local level in Brazil.

16 THANK YOU! Fabiana Barbi

17 The Political and Practical Potential of Non-State Actor Collaboration