Creating a Recycling Infrastructure for ELVs in India. Richard Paul Environmental Management Consultant Society of Automotive Engineers USA

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1 Creating a Recycling Infrastructure for ELVs in India Richard Paul Environmental Management Consultant Society of Automotive Engineers USA

2 Why the Automotive Industry Because, Needs to be Sustainable 1. Worldwide vehicle production is nearly 80 million vehicles per year, 2. Worldwide transport activity - vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) is nearly 20 billion 3. Worldwide Vehicle CO2 emissions are nearly 12% of the total anthropogenic emissions. Although cars have been around for over 100 years, only 12% of the worlds population own a vehicle.

3 U.S. Vehicle Recycling Infrastructure Car Recycling Steps: 1. Pretreatment 2. Dismantling 3. Metal Separation 4. Landfill disposal End-of-life Vehicle (10-12 million/yr) Existing Vehicle Other New Products New Vehicle Reusable Parts -Engines -Transmissions -Doors -Bumpers Remanufacturered Parts -Starters -Alternators -Water pumps -Clutches -Condensors New Products -New vehicles -Vehicle components -Building construction Automobile Dismantler Recycle Fluids Engine oil Coolant Refrigerant Gasoline Recycle Materials Battery Catalytic converter Tires Plastics (bumpers) Automobile Shredder Ferrous Metals Approximately 72% Of vehicle by weight Nonferrous metals Approximately 3% Of vehicle by weight A variety of recycled material may also be used in new vehicle production such as: lead from old batteries, plastics from consumer products, rubber from old tires, windshields from industrial glass scrap, sound deadening material from carpet Landfill ASR is approximately 1.5% of material sent to landfill (by volume) 4 Auto Shredder Residue Approximately 18% by weight ASR is composed of: Plastics 38% Rubber 21% Glass 12% Fluids 12% Other 15% (paper, foam, fabric) In most states ASR is non-hazardous landfill material and may be used as landfill day cover to control erosion, leaching, pests, etc.

4 Best Management Practices Vehicle Storage Area Initial leak detection and management Dismantling Area Spill prevention control Parts Washing Systems Water based and controlled Engine-Transmission Storage - to be resold; Indoor or covered on pads CFC Collection and storage Tire Storage Indoor or time and number limited Core Storage core and other parts Indoor or covered on pads Battery Storage Indoor or covered on pad; time and number limited Storm Water Pollution Protection Plans Hazardous waste handling and storage

5 Pre-treatment of End-of-Life Vehicles Materials Collected by Most Recyclers Fuel Engine oil Coolant Wiper fluid Transmission oil Materials not Routinely Collected: Glass Interior/Exterior Plastic Parts Vibration damper fluids Seat foam Brake fluid Power steering oil Refrigerant Batteries Tires Airbags Mercury switches

6 Dismantling of End-of-Life Vehicles Parts Collected for Resale Wheels Engines Transmissions Doors Bumpers Compressors Headlamps Radiators Fenders Front Assembly Rear Assembly

7 CORE Collection Cores* Collected for Remanufacturing Engines Transmissions Brake callipers AC Condensers Starters Alternators Compressors Power Steering racks Bumpers Wheels Electronic Control Modules *Cores are Cash on Return Parts

8 Reducing Environmental Impact Recycled, recovered, reused Fluids Materials Recovery Ferrous and non-ferrous metals Tires Non-metal parts Landfill - 18% Pretreatment - 3% Non-metal Parts - <1% Recover 82% of original salvage weight Approx 500,000 Metric Tons from 600,000 vehicles Tires - 3% Zinc - <1% Copper - 1% Aluminum - 7% Steel 68% GHG reduction comparison amounts from metal recycling. Annual reductions equal: Annual emissions of 92,000 person city Absorbed by forest of 326 sq. miles or 23,000 automobile lifetime emissions

9 Basic Recommendations Establish roles of Stakeholders (OEM, Recyclers, Government) Vehicle Collection, Monitoring and Deregistration Vehicle Processing Manage Fluid Collection Hazardous Waste Management Pollution Prevention Worker Safety Metals Recovery Facility Operation Develop Remanufacturing Infrastructure