Preparation of Industrial Waste Fuels (Solid, Liquid, Gaseous)

Transcription

1 Preparation of Industrial Waste Fuels (Solid, Liquid, Gaseous) Workshop Research in the Waste Area Towards the FP 7 Brussels, February 13 th, 2006 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kranert 1

2 Outline I. Situation II. State of the art III. Problems and questions IV. Research needs V. Opportunities VI. Risks, threats 2

3 I. Situation Avoidance of using fossile fuels (coal,oil, gas) (climate change, dependence, shortage) (target Sweden: renunciation of oil 2020) Reduction of organic components on Landfills (EU-Landfill Directive) Combination of waste management and energy aspects High potential of Solid Waste to Recovered Fuel (e.g. from MBT Plants (GER,ES,FI,GB)) Value of waste fractions mainly in energy use (calorific value) Energy recovery from waste and biomass increasing Investments in Waste to Energy Plants, biomass plants, biogas plants 3

4 II. State of the Art (1) 30 Years of experience in production of recoverd fuel from solid waste (D, NL, S, GB, I etc.) Environmental standards demand a design of recovered fuel (low emissions) Mechanical and biological technologies for treatment available New technologies for preparation of RDF available Plants for using recovered fuel, biomass and biogas available, but potential for development quality criterias in European states existing 4

5 State of the Art (2) Best Available Technology for production of recovered fuel (via BREF) til 2008 Experience using recovered fuel in cement and lime industry and power plants, co-incineration, modified incineration plants, biomass plants existing Not enough plants available Waste to energy plants for high cal. value material missing Co-digestion plants for industrial waste, often with bio waste or agriculturual material 5

6 State of the Art (solid waste to recovery fuel) Groups of materials (GER): Group 1 (mono material) like wood, waste oil, tires, DSDplastic, solvents, light fraction from shredders, powdered animal residues etc Group 2 (mixed material, with special preparation before use) like high calorific waste from households, industry, sorting residues) Use of materials in: Cement, lime, asphalt plants Steel industry Power plants Waste to energy plants, incineration plants 6

7 State of the Art (solid and liquid waste to biogas) Materials from Food industry (wineries, breweries, sugar industry, dairies, slaughterhouses, can industry) Paper and cardboard industry Pharmaceutical industry 7

8 Material characterisation and standards Characterisation of materials: Chemical, mechanical, calorific, process orientated High importance: calorific value, chlor, Hg Germany: Quality assurance association for recovered fuel from solid waste and waste wood (BGS) (RAL quality label GZ 724); BPG 1, 2, 3, SBS 1, 2 EU: Project NNE5/1999/533 Waste to recovered fuel, CEN/BT/TF 118 Solid recovered fuels CEN/TC 343 Solid recovered fuel 8

9 Innovative Technologies for recycling and waste preparation Separation by: x-ray technology opto-electronical systems laser induced systems (e.g. LIBS) infrared sensors like NIR or MIR conductivity systems combination of systems 9

10 Near-infrared detection and separation 10

11 III. Problems and questions (1) In the moment use of material is not possible in the quantity of potential because of demand Waste, not a product (service for recycling, not energy supply) Technical problems to produce material with high level quality assurance using big ressources (e.g. high calorific fraction from MBT (2.2 Mio t/a), mixed industrial waste (7 9 Mio t/a), (no problems with specific small quantities with constant quality) A lot of SRF as e.g. Automobile shredder residue (ASR) not suitable as mono charge for energy production 11

12 Problems and questions (2) only Individual solutions, plant produces on specific demand of the customer no standardized processes, no EU quality criteria (process), small quality criteria in EU (material) 12

13 Problems (3) of co-digestion Legal reqirements for contaminants and sanitation Technical reqirements for homogenization and contaminants removal Quality of digestate Biogas contaminants Material flow management (inhomogenious substrates) Possible inhibition effects 13

14 IV. Research Needs (solid waste to recovery fuel) Identification of waste streams with appropriate qualities for mechanical preparation (potential, source, quantity, availability, quality) Development of quality standards for processes producing energy fuel from solid waste, especially also ASR (depending of energy use processes) Development of tools to evaluate the processes (simulation models, software) Collection of statistical data (empirical) as a basis for process simulation Procedures to calculate the biological part in SRF Further development of sensor sorting as a basis for automatic detection of material characteristic and for quality guarantee - the best method for producing SRF Development of fluidized bed incineration for SRF 14

15 Research Needs (industrial waste to biogas) Material related questions: Material characterisation under process aspects (which parameters?, how to measure?, how to control?) Disturbancies and contaminants (standards) Optimisation of input under process aspects (digestibility, operation conditions, biogas yield) Quality usability and marketing of digestate Operation related questions Control and optimal operation (parameters, mechanisms) Removal of disturbancies and contaminants 15

16 Research Needs (general aspects) Development of instruments for evaluation the use of solid waste recovered fuel Target criteria as (partly contradictory e.g. laws): LCA-aspects Waste and ressources management Energy use Climatic aspects Landfill aspects Which is the main focus? Development of instruments for establishing SRF in the market 16

17 V. Opportunities Positive combination of ecology and economy (Ressorce recovery, climate prevention, reduction of emissions (e.g. landfills), employment) Technological development in the next years Waste to energy plants for waste to recovery fuel will increase if market conditions allow this 17

18 VI. Risks, threats Support of alternative energy is very different in EU (costs, export, import, immission and waste laws) Conditions for waste disposal are very different in EU (economic break even points for production of recovered fuel) Open Questions: Market situation Confidence in political frame conditions Emission trade situation 18

19 Thank you! 19