COPERNICUS Air quality monitoring satellite missions and user needs

Transcription

1 COPERNICUS Air quality monitoring satellite missions and user needs Yasjka MEIJER ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk 17 February 2017

2 Reasons to care about atmospheric composition (D. Jacob, U. Harvard) Disasters Visibility Urban smog Regional smog Ozone Layer Climate forcing Plume dispersion Local < 100km Acid rain Regional km Biogeochemical cycles Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 2 Global > 1000km

3 What is in the air? Water vapour 0 5% All the rest 0.04% Argon 0.9% Oxygen 21% Nitrogen 78% Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 3

4 What is in the air? Methane % CO < % SO2 Ozone < % < % NO % CO2 0.04% Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 4

5 Air pollution.. take a deep breath Every human inhales ~14 kg of air per day Globally in 2012: 3,700,000 premature deaths attributable to ambient air pollution (WHO, 2014) In EU-28 in 2012: 491,000 premature death, 5,500,000 Years of Life Lost (EEA, 2015) In EU-28 in 2010: Billion health related external costs (EC, 2013) In Netherlands in 2012: 13,000 premature death, 135,000 Years of Life Lost (EEA, 2015) Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 5

6 Figure: EEA Report No 9/2013 Air pollution.. Human impact Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 6

7 Tropospheric Ozone (O3) Lifecycle Oxidation of CO and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in presence of NO, NO2 Photochemistry Lifetime of few days Relevance Irritant air quality, agriculture Greenhouse gas climate Source of OH oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere O3 g/m3 Threshold Daily 8h mean Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 7

8 Image: ESA Copernicus Services Component led by EC Produces information services Relies on in-situ & space components In-situ Component led by EEA Observations mostly national responsibility Space Component led by ESA Sentinels satellite missions developed specifically for Copernicus Sentinel missions dedicated to atmospheric composition Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 8

9 Copernicus Space Component (CSC) S1: Radar Mission S2: High Resolution Optical Mission S3: Medium Resolution Imaging and Altimetry Mission S4: Geostationary Atmospheric Chemistry Mission S5P: Low Earth Orbit Atmospheric Chemistry Precursor Mission S5: Low Earth Orbit Atmospheric Chemistry Mission S6 (Jason-CS): Altimetry Mission Evolution currently considered Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 9

10 Sentinel Missions dedicated to Atmosphere Sentinel-4 Geostationary Hourly revisit time Europe Sentinel-5 & -5 Precursor Low Earth Orbit Daily revisit time global coverage Sentinel-4 Sentinel-5/5P Air Quality NO2, O3, aerosol, SO2 NO2, O3, aerosol, SO2, CO Climate aerosol, O3 CH4, CO, aerosol, O3 Ozone & UV O3, cloud, aerosol O3, cloud, aerosol Emissions NO2, SO2, aerosol, HCHO, CHOCHO NO2, SO2, aerosol, HCHO, CO, CH4 focus on short lived species in troposphere covers also long lived species in troposphere and stratosphere Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 10

11 How do we measure these gases? Gas Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 11

12 How do we measure these gases? Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 12

13 Spectral Coverage Sciamachy UV, VIS NIR, SWIR GOME(-2) UV, VIS, NIR ( nm) OMI UV, VIS Sentinel-5/5P UV, VIS NIR, SWIR Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 13

14 Spatial Resolution North Sea Scia CO 120x30 km2 Amsterdam The Hague Scia NO2 60x30 km2 Utrecht GOME-2 NO2 80x40 km2 Rotterdam OMI 13x24 km2 Dordrecht Tropomi 7x7 km2 Source: KNMI Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 14

15 Sentinel-4/UVN Instrument 1h revisit time Instantaneous Field of View SZA = 90 SZA = 92 equinox Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 15

16 Product Overview Data Products Geophysical data (column densities/profiles): UV-VIS-NIR channels - products O3 total & tropospheric columns, profiles NO2 total & tropospheric columns SO2, HCHO total columns aerosols aerosol index & aerosol layer height clouds cloud fraction, top height, optical thickness Near Real-Time: All species except CH4 & tropospheric O3 Non Time Critical delivery: All products SWIR channels - products CO, CH4 total columns Near real-time (NRT): 3 hours after sensing Non time critical (NTC): 14 days after sensing Level 1b and Level 2 will be provided to the users Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 16

17 Launches A: 3 April 2014 B: 25 April 2016 Dedicated Copernicus Space Component (CSC) Launches A: 23 June 2015 B: planned Mar Launches A: 16 Feb B: planned Dec Launch Window June 2017 Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 17 CAMS General Assembly, Athens, 14 June 2016

18 Outlook Sentinel-5 Precursor ready with launch window June 2017 Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5 satellite building on-going with planned Flight Acceptance in 2021 Launch Schedule of Atmospheric Sentinels Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 18

19 Earth Observation visualises problems Taking action and use these data is up to you! Yasjka Meijer 17/02/2017 Slide 19