EU- Turkey Rela.ons INRL 360

Transcription

1 EU- Turkey Rela.ons INRL 360 Energy Policy Lecture Notes

2 Why do we need energy?

3 EU Energy Policy Oil and gas reserves are finite sources- Where they are located? EU heavily imports of oil and natural gas. It is expected that the demand for natural gas will increase 70-80% by the year 2030.

4 EU Energy Policy EU imports 53% of the energy it consumes, costs of more than 1 billion per day including almost 90% of its crude oil, 69% of its natural gas 42% of its solid fuels such as coal 40% of its uranium and other nuclear fuels

5 EU Energy Policy Europe is also heavily dependent on one single supplier, namely Russia, responsible for a third of oil imports, 39% of gas and 29% of solid fuels. Mainly via Ukraine Six EU countries depend on Russia as the supplier for their en.re gas imports.

6 Norway is the world's third largest exporter of oil and gas axer Saudi Arabia and Russia. In 2012, it accounted for about 31% of all the EU's natural gas imports and 11% of its crude oil imports Russia: In 2013, it accounted for 39% of its natural gas imports. The 12 countries of Organisa.on of Petroleum Expor.ng Countries (OPEC) provide the EU with around 40% of its total crude oil imports (Saudi Arabia, Libya, Nigeria)

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9 Energy dependency rate all products 2005 and 2015 Source: Eurostat, 2017

10 In the upcoming decades; Almost 60-70% of European oil and natural gas needs will be provided by third countries which are not members of the EU.

11 The EU energy policies are based on three principles: - Compe..veness - Security of supply - Sustainability

12 Targets of the EU 2020 Energy Strategy - To reduce energy consump.on by 20% - To increase the share of renewable energy resources by 20% and to increase the use of biofuels in transport by at least 10% - To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% Share of renewables in energy consump.on in the EU reached 17% in 2016

13 Renewable Energy Sources Hydropower Geothermal energy Wind energy Solar energy Biomass: organic, non- fossil material of biological origin used in heat produc.on or electricity genera.on; including mainly wood and wood waste, biogas, biofuels

14 EU 2050 Energy Strategy Goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95%, when compared to 1990 levels Increasing the share of renewable energy technical innova.on and investment in low- carbon energy sources

15 Renewable Energy

16 TURKEY The total primary energy demand is es.mated to reach 218 Mtoe by 2023 from the current level of 125 Mtoe. Currently, primary energy demand is met by natural gas (35%), coal (28,5%), oil (27%), hydro (7%), and other renewables (2,5%).

17 Main priori.es of Turkey s energy policy are: Availability of energy for consumers in terms of cost,.me and amount To mobilize public and private means within the framework of free market prac.ces To reduce dependence on outside sources To increase regional and global impact of Turkey in the energy field To ensure the diversity of routes, technology and resources To ensure maximum use of renewable energy resources in sustainable and efficient ways To increase energy efficiency To minimize any environmental impact in the produc.on and use of energy

18 Turkey s dependency on foreign investors in the energy field accounts for 74%, at the same.me, its energy demands are expected to increase by up to 4% annually un.l 2020.

19 Turkey s aim: To increase the share of renewable energy sources and add the nuclear power into Turkish energy mix Turkey is ranked 7th in the world in terms of geothermal poten.al. Na.onal Renewable Energy Ac.on Plan for Turkey (he share of renewables is planned to increase to 30% of electricity genera.on)

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24 Nuclear Energy By 2023, Turkey plans to generate 10% of the total electricity supplies from two nuclear power plants (NPP) which are to built in Mersin/Akkuyu and Sinop.

25 EU- Turkey Turkey: Energy Bridge and Poten.al Energy Hub Geographic proximity To secure sustainable energy supplies Long term energy perspec.ve Energy Roadmap 2050 Turkey Energy 2023

26 Coopera.on with the EU on Security of supplies Diversifica.on of resources Increased use of renewable resources Energy efficiency Nuclear safety and radia.on protec.on

27 Transport of natural gas through Turkey Southern Gas Corridor: planned infrastructure projects: Improving the security and diversity of the EU s energy supply by bringing natural gas from the Caspian region to Europe 3500 km, crossing seven countries, involve a dozen major companies, investment of 45 billion USD

28 Southern Gas Corridor

29 TANAP: Trans- Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline Project The project is expected to bring natural gas produced from Azerbaijan s Shah Deniz- 2 gas field to Turkey in 2018 and to Europe in km. and 20 ci.es

30 TANAP

31 South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP), Baku- Tbilisi- Erzurum Natural Gas Pipeline (BTE), Turkey- Greece Interconnector (ITG) are exis.ng pipelines

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