Matthias Zessner Institute for Water Quality, Resources and Waste Management Vienna University of Technology. Vienna University of Technology

Transcription

1 Quantification of nutrient fluxes on catchment scale as basis for evaluation of the effectiveness of mitigation options in Austria and the Danube Basin Matthias Zessner Institute for Water Quality, Resources and Waste Management

2 Content Experiences in Danube Basin and Austria with quantification of nutrient fluxes on catchment scale Considerations on problems with evaluation of the effectiveness of mitigation measures Nutrients in the actual drafts of WFD- Management Plans of the Danube Basin and Austria

3 Experiences in Danube Basin and Austria Nutrient Balances for Danube countries (1998) Calculations mainly based material flow analyses (MFA) Focus on anthropogenic turnover

4 Experiences in Danube Basin and Austria Introduction of MONERIS approach within danubs (2005) Combination with MFA, Danube Water Quality Model, Black Sea Model MONERIS results used for Danube WFD-roof report and actually in the DRBDMP (ICPDR, H. Behrendt)

5 Experiences in Danube Basin and Austria Introduction of MONERIS approach within danubs (2005) Combination with MFA, Danube Water Quality Model, Black Sea Model In memoriam Horst Behrendt MONERIS results used for Danube WFD-roof report and actually in the DRBDMP (ICPDR, H. Behrendt)

6 Prerequisites for evaluation of effectiveness of mitigation measures Quantification of relation between activities and effects on target system Definition of target system Local surface water status Local ground water status / drinking water quality Status of receiving seas / lakes Air quality, climate relevance Soil quality Limitation of loss of resource

7 The effectiveness varies depending on target The effectiveness varies depending on target Local surface water status versus Local ground water status / drinking water quality

8 The effectiveness varies depending on target Local water quality status versus quality status of receiving Sea Porose aquifer, low precipitation manure NO X -N NH X -N deposition soil surface off-gas NH 3 -N 30 N-leaching emission potential surface w. soil/ 36 6 groundwater denitrification N 2, N 2 O fertiliser 3 46 N-fixation harvest values in kg N/ha.a

9 The effectiveness varies depending on target Local water quality status versus quality status of receiving Sea deposition Porose aquifer, high precipitation manure fertiliser NO X -N NH X -N N-fixation soil Oberboden surface 6 87 off-gas NH 3 -N Boden/ soil/ Grundwasser groundwater 52 denitrification N-leaching potential emission surface w harvest N 2, N 2 O values in kg N/ha.a

10 The effectiveness varies depending on target Local water quality status versus quality status of receiving Sea deposition off-gas carstic, high precipitation manure fertiliser NO X -N NH X -N soil surface NH 3 -N N-leaching potential 19 5 denitrification, N 2, N 2 O soil/ groundwater emission surface w N-fixaton harvest values in kg N/ha.a

11 The effectiveness varies depending on target Quality of surface waters versus air quality (climate) and limitation of loss of resource manure fertiliser NO X -N NH X -N N-fixation deposition soil Oberboden surface 6 87 off-gas NH 3 -N Boden/ soil/ Grundwasser groundwater values in kg N/ha.a values in kg N/ha.a 70 denitrification N-leaching potential emission surface w harvest N 2, N 2 O

12 The effectiveness varies depending on target Quality of surface waters versus limitation of loss of resource (e.g. buffer zone approach)

13 For consideration Mitigation options (diffuse sources of nutrient pollution) 1 st priority: optimisation of the system nutrition agricultural landuse soil (all targets are adressed by mitigation options) 2 nd priority: specific mitigation options in respect to nutrient inputs from soil to water system and in respect to transport within the water system and Mitigation options on losses of nitrogen to the air (NH 3, N 2 O)

14 Draft Danube River Basin District Plan Part A Basin wide overview Public consultation process starts today Strong focus on nutrients (as one of 4 main items) Specifically targeted on Black Sea coastal water protection N and P loads similar to situation in the 60ies Scenarios for nutrient emissions are calculated for point and diffuse sources of emission based on MONERIS approach on a Basin wide and national scale. Assumptions for scenarios contain assumptions for implementation of specific regulations (e.g. UWWD), expected developments (e.g. agricultural production) and additional mitigation options (e.g. P-free detergents)

15 Draft Danube River Basin District Plan Part A Basin wide overview Programme of measures (till 2015) contains: Implementation of UWWD in EU member states according to requirements of sensitive areas (N and P removal wwtp > p.e.) Development of waste water treatment according national plans in non EU countries. Implementation of EU Nitrates Directive for member states Implementation of Best Agricultural Practice throughout the Basin (own DRB-concept) Implementation of possible measures to control diffuse pollution (only general statement, with possible measures on county level) P-free detergents (first laundry, later dishwashing detergents)

16 Draft Danube River Basin District Plan Part A Basin wide overview Scenario calculations show that Nitrogen emissions and loads will be reduced if moderate agricultural development of downstream countries is assumed. The management objective (loads similar to the 60ies) will not be reached till 2015 for nitrogen. Phosphorus emissions and loads will be significantly reduced. Loads will come close to the management objective if the P-ban for detergents will be successful.

17 Draft Austrian River Basin Management Plan Nutrients are no strong focus in the Austrian RBMP (focus on different forms of hydro-morphological alterations) Still almost 19 % of water bodies are not in accordance with requirements of good ecological status due to organic and nutrient pollution (mainly phosphorus) Four major groundwater bodies (area 1500 km 2 ) are not in good chemical status because of nitrate pollution No quantitative assessment of effectiveness of mitigations options included Qualitative assessment of measures already implemented and tentative list of additional measures, potentially effective

18 Draft Austrian River Basin Management Plan Programme of measures, point sources UWWD for sensitive areas as well as other wastewater related regulations are almost implemented Additional measures if necessary: reduced emission limits for municipal wastewater treatment plants for P: 0,5 mg/l

19 Draft Austrian River Basin Management Plan Programme of measures, diffuse sources (agriculture, traffic) Implementation in progress or already implemented Aktionsprogramm Nitrat: e.g. Reduced time for fertiliser application, reduced fertiliser application at specific locations (high slopes, saturated soils), conditions for fertiliser application close to river systems, requirements for storage of manure, limitation of fertiliser application. Support schemes (ÖPUL): e.g. Limitation of fertiliser application stronger than in AP-Nitrat, reduced density of animal breading, nutrient accounting, fertiliser application according to Nmin-methode,

20 Draft Austrian River Basin Management Plan Programme of measures, diffuse sources (agriculture, traffic) Implementation in progress or already implemented National programme for reductions of emissions to air (Immissionsschutzgesetz, Emissionshöstmengengesetz Luft) Additional measures Intensification of programme for rural development in areas with endangered water bodies (e.g. financial incentives: ÖPUL). Set aside of areas sensible to nutrient losses, especially close to rivers Awareness raising and training

21 Danube Basin - Austria RBMP Danube Basin RBMP Austria Strong focus on nutrients Partially quantitative assessment of effectiveness Specific requirements for point sources Scenarios for possible development of diffuse pollution Clear indication that management objective will not be reached in 2015 No strong focus on nutrients Mainly qualitative assessment of measures High level of treatment already implemented Main focus: existing measures against diffuse pollution No clear indication of achievement of management objective