OBS-ONE-PN. HDV PN-PEMS workshop ; Joel Danzer, Les Hill, Natalie Baltes HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved

Transcription

1 OBS-ONE-PN HDV PN-PEMS workshop ; Joel Danzer, Les Hill, Natalie Baltes 2016 HORIBA, Ltd. All rights reserved

2 Agenda (1) Introduction (2) OBS-ONE-PN: A state-ofthe-art solution for RDE (excerpt) (3) OBS-ONE-PN application opportunities (4) OBS-ONE-PN vs. PN prototype in HDV applications (5) Summary

3 1. Introduction HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

4 Introduction *TCMV= Technical Committee on Motor Vehicles Real Driving Emission (RDE) regulation will be implemented in Sept introducing emission limits for NOx and particle number (PN). A transitional phase for monitoring purpose of gaseous emissions has now commenced in Jan PN-PEMS will be a part of the 3rd RDE-package (A vote at TCMV* is expected to take place in Nov. 2016) The final PN-PEMS specification (incl. calibration requirements) and the conformity factor for PN are still under discussion Based on several decades of experience in the development of PEMS, HORIBA introduced the OBS-ONE-PN as a solution for particle number measurements on the road (initially for LDV and HDV applications and others to follow) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

5 2. OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE (excerpt) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

6 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE General concept HORIBA considered the specific requirements for measurements on the road in the development of the OBS-ONE-PN (3) (2) (1) (4) (5) (3) (1) First dilution directly at the sample probe (2) Dilution air is dried by a desiccant (recyclable) (3) Flow control for both passive dilutors is realized by orifices (no MFCs) (4) Evaporation tube is replaced by a catalytic stripper (5) A bypassed CPC is introduced for the OBS-ONE-PN. This CPC is designed for mobile applications taking into account the specific requirements related to inclination ( CPC design), the concentration range ( bypass), vibration stability ( bypass, CPC design and wick optimization), temperature control and spill issues ( soaked CPC wick only, no reservoir) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

7 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE System counting efficiency The OBS-ONE-PN shows a system counting efficiency which perfectly fulfills the required PN-PEMS specification The counting efficiency of 15 OBS-ONE-PN units incl. its standard deviation (k=1) can be seen in the following diagram (in comparison to one MEXA 2000-SPCS): n (OBS-ONE-PN)= 15 HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

8 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE CPC linearity The CPC used in the OBS-ONE-PN is specified in a concentration range between #/cm³ exceeding the concentration range of a reference CPC (such as the model 3772) by the factor of 50. An additional dilutor (DF=100) was added upstream of the reference-cpc to check the OBS-ONE-PN CPC linearity HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

9 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE Flow rate accuracy Due to the large CPC concentration range and its excellent linearity, a fixed dilution ratio of only 100:1 was chosen for the OBS-ONE-PN: Higher accuracy due to the avoidance of a variable dilution A total dilution ratio of 100:1 is sufficient to realize a maximum particle concentration range of 5 x 10 7 #/cm³ The orifice-controlled flow rates of 15 OBS-ONE-PN were checked against a reference flowmeter (traceable to National Standards). The HORIBA internal limit is ±5% against the nominal value n (OBS-ONE-PN)= 15 The flows in the OBS-ONE-PN are pretty accurate with an excellent correlation to a reference flowmeter HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

10 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE Ambient temperature (-10 C) Low ambient temperatures are especially critical in terms of maintaining a constant temperature difference in the CPC saturator and condenser PID controlled heaters shows an excellent behavior in maintaining a constant temperature! HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

11 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE Ambient temperature (-10 C) * DUT = Device under test Low ambient temperatures are also critical in terms of condensation issues! Two OBS-ONE-PN were compared against a reference-cpc (installed outside of the climate chamber) in a 2-hours tests at 24 C and -8 C at Swiss METAS institute: (OBS-ONE-PN unit 1) (OBS-ONE-PN unit 2) Ratio OBS-ONE-PN/ Reference-CPC HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

12 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE Ambient temperature (+40 C) High ambient temperatures are especially critical in terms of maintaining a constant temperature difference in the CPC saturator and condenser PID controlled temperature settings show an excellent behavior in maintaining a constant temperature! HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

13 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE Ambient pressure HORIBA internal limit (CPC sample flow): 0,1 lpm ± 0,005lpm RDE requirement: m CPC sample pump operating at maximum voltage The OBS-ONE-PN can maintain the flows in an ambient pressure range of mbar (HORIBA specifies an altitude range between m) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

14 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE VPR efficiency The VPR efficiency of the catalytic stripper used in the OBS-ONE-PN is excellent. High concentrations of emery oil (GMD > 100nm) can be removed with an efficiency greater than 99% HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

15 OBS-ONE-PN: A state-of-the-art solution for RDE OBS-ONE-PN compliance The OBS-ONE-PN fulfills several standards to ensure a high-level quality of the product: EMC tested at Class A emissions and basic immunity EFT, radiated immunity and surge at Industrial Level Compliant to the Low Voltage Directive EN :2010 Compliant to EN :2014 ( Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use ) Compliant to IEC :2014 ( Safety of laser products ) RoHs compliance TÜV-certified carrier for an outside installation HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

16 3. OBS-ONE-PN application opportunities HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

17 OBS-ONE-PN: Application opportunities Correlation tests on the chassis/ engine test bench for Light-Duty Applications The OBS-ONE-PN shows an excellent correlation compared to PMP-compliance reference counters in Light-Duty Applications (WLTC; 1,2l GDI Euro6 vehicle; both the OBS-ONE-PN and the PMP-compliant reference were sampling from the CVS): Data obtained by HORIBA based on measurements in the test center in Oberursel (designated as a Technical Service by German Federal Motor Transport Authority) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

18 OBS-ONE-PN: Application opportunities Cold start The OBS-ONE-PN shows an excellent performance during cold-start (WLTC; 1,2l GDI Euro6; both the OBS-ONE- PN and the PMP-compliant reference were sampling from the CVS): Data obtained by HORIBA based on measurements in the ISO17025 certified test center in Oberursel (designated as a Technical Service by German Federal Motor Transport Authority) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

19 OBS-ONE-PN: Application opportunities DPF-regeneration The OBS-ONE-PN shows an excellent performance in DPF regeneration events: OBS-ONE-PN prototype Exhaust temperature: 425 C Zero concentrations can not be plotted in log-scale! Data obtained by JRC (Giechaskiel B., Riccobono F., et.al. (2016). Particle number (PN) Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS); Heavy Duty Vehicles Evaluation phase at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

20 OBS-ONE-PN: Application opportunities Correlation tests on the chassis/ engine test bench for Heavy-Duty Applications The OBS-ONE-PN shows an excellent correlation compared to PMP-compliance reference counters in Heavy Duty Applications (WLTC; unknown truck; both the OBS-ONE-PN prototype and the reference-counter were sampling from the tailpipe): Data obtained by JRC using HORIBAs OBS-ONE-PN prototype HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

21 4. OBS-ONE-PN vs. PN prototype in HDV applications HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

22 OBS-ONE-PN vs. PN prototype (HORIBAs mod. NPET) In Nov HORIBA introduced the modified NPET as a concept study/ prototype for PN-PEMS to prove its feasibility with respect to performance and robustness in on-board applications In more than 40 customer demonstrations, test programs and customer projects HORIBA identified potential room for improvements for the development activities of the OBS-ONE-PN. All the feedback, measurement data and experiences together with HORIBA-internal investigations finally culminated in the market launch of the OBS-ONE-PN in March 2016 OBS-ONE-PN prototype (the mod. NPET) OBS-ONE-PN The HDV PN-PEMS test campaign at JRC (conducted with the prototype!) is an excellent opportunity to introduce some of the improvements which were implemented in the OBS-ONE-PN to overcome the issues observed by JRC! HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

23 OBS-ONE-PN vs. PN prototype (HORIBAs mod. NPET) The main conclusions for the PN prototype (the mod. NPET) in the HDV PN-PEMS test campaign are: Very good correlation with the PMP_TP at ambient conditions (0 C-30 C) No issues with cold start and regeneration events Robust device for mobile applications (no issues with inclination and vibration) Tendency of drift after tests at low ambient temperatures (<0 C). Errors and high artificial spikes were shown File with no real time errors (only one error for the whole test) Performance and robustness (normal RDE boundary conditions + inclination + vibration) were found to be as expected Robustness under RDE extended conditions were not satisfying for the prototype! Measurement artifacts, measurement errors and a poor long-term robustness at low ambient temperatures needed to be addressed for the final OBS-ONE-PN! The PN prototype (the mod. NPET) was operated with a very basic software. The final OBS-ONE- PN will be operated by the OBS Software under the HORIBA ONE Platform incl. real time error files HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

24 OBS-ONE-PN vs. PN prototype (HORIBAs mod. NPET) Artificial spikes during sub-zero tests Some of the tests with the mod. NPET at -7 C showed high artificial spikes: mod.npet mod.npet High artificial spikes after approx. 1 hour Not a perfect correlation but still within ±15% -7 C using a N3 truck (13l; 330kW) -7 C using a N2 truck (5l) The high artificial spikes are probably related to either electrical noise (due to ice formation on the boards) or to condensation in the system leading to errors in the internal flows (which of course influences the particle number reading) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

25 Temperature [ C] OBS-ONE-PN vs. PN prototype (HORIBAs mod. NPET) Artificial spikes during sub-zero tests (OBS-ONE-PN improvements) The OBS-ONE-PN is able to prevent the high artificial spikes observed with the mod. NPET due to several improvements: The OBS-ONE-PN controls the cabinet temperatures! By means of shutting off the fans at cabinet temperatures <6 C, the cabinet temperature is always kept above 0 C even at significantly lower ambient temperatures! The fans are turned on again when the cabinet temperature is higher than 6 C No ice-formation on the boards! No condensation in the internal pipings! Time [seconds] HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

26 Temperature [ C] Temperature [ C] OBS-ONE-PN vs. PN prototype (HORIBAs mod. NPET) Long-term robustness due to CPC optics temperature (OBS-ONE-PN improvements) The OBS-ONE-PN is more robust in terms of long-term stability due to an optimized temperature control in the CPC (especially in case of the optics temperature): It was found that at low ambient temperatures the optics temperature dropped below the condenser temperature leading to isopropyl alcohol condensation in the optics block of the mod. NPET clogging and potential system failure! The OBS-ONE-PN improved the temperature control which keeps the optics temperature above the condenser temperature at all times to avoid isopropyl alcohol condensation in the optics block! Due to an improved temperature control much stricter limits could be set for the OBS-ONE-PN compared to the mod. NPET! OBS-ONE-PN internal temperature limits Time [seconds] HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

27 OBS-ONE-PN vs. PN prototype (HORIBAs mod. NPET) Robustness in terms of hardware components (OBS-ONE-PN improvements) Compared to the mod. NPET the OBS-ONE-PN uses much more robust components to avoid damage due to accidental maloperation: 1 OBS-ONE-PN: Improved secondary diluter orifice 2 OBS-ONE-PN: Improved mounting concept of the CPC sample pump 3 OBS-ONE-PN: Improved water trap 4 CPC sample pump: The OBS-ONE-PN introduces an additional HEPA-filter upstream of the pump to further increase the long-term robustness! HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

28 5. Summary HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

29 OBS-ONE-PN Summary Commercially available product based on 1,5 years of prototype testing (for example with JRC) Technical leadership due to the most advanced CPC and system design optimized for mobile applications (robust under all RDE boundary conditions as well as shock/ vibration) Excellent correlation to PMP-compliant counters (as already known from the prototype (mod. NPET)) Intuitive and robust control software (based on the HORIBA ONE Plattform) with integrated and automated check and calibration sequences Modular concept enables fast and flexible installation on almost any vehicle HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

30 Summary The OBS-ONE-PN as an integrated part of HORIBAs solution for RDE (and many other applications) HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels

31 Thank you 감사합니다 Dziękuję Cảm ơn ありがとうございました Merci ขอบค ณคร บ धन यव द Σας ευχαριστούμε 谢谢 Grazie நன ற Obrigado Děkuji Danke ش ك ر ا Большое спасибо Tack ska ni ha HDV PN-PEMS workshop in Brussels