The Water Quality Loss: The Impact of Dust Pollution in South Katraj Region

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1 The Water Quality Loss: The Impact of Dust Pollution in South Katraj Region Mr. Shrikant Shinde *, UG students, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune, India Mr. Nilesh Tabe UG students, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune, India Prof. G. N. Supe Professor, Trinity Academy of Engineering, Pune, India Abstract: Water pollution is nothing but unwanted substance dissolve into water bodies due to the natural and artificial activities behind occur water source s. In human life clean/pure water plays an important role. Pure water is the need of all living beings, water use for dome stic, industrial, commercial purpose. In recent day due to growth of industrialization and urbanization water get polluted. Sources of water like surface water and ground water decrease the quality of water due to pollution. The impurities present in the water affects the solubility and corrosive nature of water. The ground water, water is hard because alkali is present in water. Groundwater is a source of fresh water, which is being polluted due to activities taking place on the ground surface since last few years. The water quality loss in the South Katraj Area of Pune city is due to dust particle s deposited on the surface water bodies and get dissolved into. In that area large amount of dust emission because no of stone crusher are active in that a rea. Rate of dust pollution defines the percentage loss of water quality. The experimental observations can expose how much loss of water quality because of dust emission due to stone crushing industry. Keywords: Katraj, Water Quality Loss, Ground Water, Surface water effects of dust pollution. I. INTRODUCTION n all over world water pollution is a measure issue annoying us. Water pollution is a measure problem in India as almost per cent of its surface water resources and a growing percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological, toxic, organic, and inorganic pollutants. In many cases, these sources have been rendered unsafe for human consumption as well as for other activities, such as irrigation and industrial needs. This shows that degraded water quality can contribute to water scarcity as it limits its availability for both human use and for the ecosystem. [] South katraj region is an under developing condition as well as hilly ranges that s why there naturally occurred lakes. Rapid growth of construction industry increased the need of building materials like wood, aggregates, stones and filling material. [] The selected area of research examined the water quality of South Katraj Region of Pune city which is badly affected by stone crushing industries. This study work exposed the contamination of natural as well as artificial sources of ground water and surface water located within South Katraj region. []. LITERATURE REVIEW Water quality loss is mostly observing near the huge population cities and current city under developing. The term water quality is describing various kind or depends on people which they think or change place to place. The term water quality is used to describe the condition of the water, including its chemical, physical and biological characteristics, usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose (i.e., drinking, swimming or fishing). Water quality is also affected by substances like pesticides or fertilizers that can negatively affect marine life when present in certain concentrations. [] Development is a process and changes are results or outcomes, vise-versa change is inevitable and every society is changing either it is * Corresponding Author

2 developed or developing (Taylor ). Economy and culture of Bangladesh is agrarian in nature, except some exceptional boomed in some sector i.e. Women's employment in garments manufacturing. Agriculture's contribution in GDP is highest % and absorbing largest.% employments of the country. Contrary, manufacturing and industrial contribution in GDP is % and not data available of absorbent of labor force (BBS/Pk, ). However, the agriculture sector is being neglected by policy and programs in the country. As the second key sector is rivers life they are the lifeline of Bangladesh and there are hundreds of rivers that intersect the heart of Bangladesh. [] Ghughudia exemplify nationwide water security, river pollution and livelihoods dependency at local level. Water and river polluted by various point and nonpoint sources (industrial waste, household garbage, biological) it's also has other impacts that's leads to traditional occupational lose. As the quality of water in the river and other local resources has been deteriorating, and demand for domestic water uses are increasing. Such as during s there were - tube wells in the village and people usually use river water for their everyday purpose and all other domestic use and tube wells water use for drinking purpose only, whereas at present % household at Ghughudia have their own tube wells and rest % share tube well with others, ground water levels are trends to drop at Ghugudia and other village in every year (Mallick, Village survey ). Therefore, human induced social change is inevitable and evidentiary. Even though the main problems of the country are considered to be Population and Unemployment, the "death" of rivers is one of the most serious, if not the most serious problem. [] We want use water for any designated use then we need that type of water parameter who fulfill the need of designated use. Sometime water body can t give designated parameter then it is considered impaired by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Impairments result from two major categories of water pollution: point source or nonpoint source pollution. Point source pollution originate in stone crusher industry which produce huge amount of dust. Nonpoint source pollution originates from diffuse sources scattered across the landscape and is delivered to water producing precipitation events. It may include pollutants derived from residential, agricultural, forested and urban areas. [5]. METHODOLOGY We were starting study for water quality in south katraj area with collecting map of that area. Then we had selected study stations to determination the different water sampling location. The area was divided into four parts namely Station : Khadi Machine Chouk, Station : ISKON Temple and Yewalewadi, Station : East Zone of Yewalewadi and Station : KJEI Engineering College Campus. All the selected stations were used to obtain samples of surface water and ground water. List of Water sampling locations are shown in table. Study Station Table : Sampling in Study Location Station: Khadi Machine Chouk Station: Sinhgad School and West Yewalewadi Station: East Zone of Yewalewadi Station: KJEI Engineering College Campus Sources and Number of Samples Ground Water Surface Water Nil Total Number of Samples 5 We Study the different water parameters; water sampling locations were selected within four study stations. In which sampling locations were of ground water sources and remaining 5 sampling locations were representing surface water. The sources of ground water in selected study area are artificial wells having large opening as well as source of surface water open to sky. The large circular rim of wells works as a large jar which allows the entry of huge dustfall inside the well like that source of surface water all surface area open to sky so large amount of dustfall deposit on

3 ph surface of water. Ground water well (Station Well ) and surface water L is shown in Figure and. The dustfall through the large mouth of well is responsible for contamination of ground water for some existent. Determination of Turbidity: Turbidity is nothing but the presence of soil or clay inside the water. Turbidity is measured in NTU i.e. Nephelometric Turbidity Unit. It also express in JTU (Jackson Turbidity Unit). If the turbidity is more then it shows the presence of more contents of soil and clay in a water. The device used for turbidity measurement is Nephelometer. Determination of Alkalinity: It is the important chemical property of water to be tested to determine the water quality. Alkalinity is sub-divided into bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide alkalinity. It is used for lime and lime soda softening and zeolite softening. Alkalinity of water is expressed as CaCO per mg/l. Determination of Hardness: Fig. : showing natural and artificial sources of surface water and ground water of Station (L & L) After locating sample station, we were collecting sample with taken proper precautions like no air remain into the bottle, sill the bottle mouth by tape etc. Then, we determine water quality by experimentation. Several parameters such as ph, electrical conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, total hardness and chloride of surface water and ground water were tested time to time. Determination of ph: Hydrogen ions concentration in water measure by ph test. This test is very important & common in used to fined nature of sample which indicates the acidic or basic property of water. ph number of sample shows variation in rise or decrease of temperature in water. The ph value determined by testing the sample with ph indicator. Determination of Electrical Conductivity: Electrical conductivity shows charge carrying capacity of the sample. Charge is carried by the ions which is present in the water sample that are dissolved in it. Due to change in temperature electrical conductivity value can change proportionally. The unit of electrical conductivity is micro- ohms/cm. Electrical conductivity of surface water and ground water were determined by electrical conductivity meter. The presence of Ca+ and Mg+ ions in water solution is termed as hardness of water. It is the important property of water which distinguishes the water in terms of soft water and hard water. The softness and hardness of water affects the required consumption of water in case of using soap or detergent for washing clothes. It can be expresses as CaCO per mg/l. Effect on ph: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fig.: ph vs ph of different sampling station was recorded by using Nephelometer. Effect of dustfall on ph is less as the distance of source of ground water increased from cluster of stone. The ph of ground water slightly decreased from to as shown in fig.. It has highest value for

4 Turbidity (NTU) ph Turbidity (NTU) sample as Station is under the effect of s. The ph of ground water samples of source has exceeded ph limit. ph should be lies in range between.. as per recommended by WHO. The ph value of surface water more variations found in reading were unpredictable. As the distance of sources of surface water increased from stone crushing industries, value of ph recorded had shown rise and fall on a graph as shown in fig.. Lake L has larger surface area close to. The value of ph is higher shows the effect of dustfall at the place. ph recorded of lake L is less than that of lake L as it is a source good of ground water which used to supply the required water demand for neighboring society. ph recorded for station lake L is the highest value among all the reading. The higher value of ph indicates the more impact of dustfall in this area. Lake L is situated at the longest distance from and hence it has recorded lower value of ph L L L L L Fig.: ph vs Turbidity of water was find by using Nephelometer and it has highest value for station. Turbidity of,, and was found to be almost same. Turbidity of ground water sample is shown in following fig. 5 which shows increased or highest turbidity for as the well is being recharged by the another sources of water present in the area. Water coming to the well at Station i. e. is under the impact of two crushing zones one of which is in the South of Trinity College and the other is in the North of Trinity College which leads to significantly perceptible increment in the turbidity obtained from the samples of the area. 5 Fig.5: Turbidity vs distance from stone Determination of Turbidity of surface water is important task to find the impact of dustfall on surface water. Dustfall concentration in surface water does not undergo dilution process for certain period which increases the turbidity of water. The turbidity of surface water obtained from study area was unpredictable for some stations as shown in fig.. The turbidity recorded for station for lake L was greater as it occupies the nearest affected area from. The highest value of turbidity was recorded for Lake L which indicates the impact of two s. L L L L L Fig.: Turbidity vs distance from stone The electrical conductivity of ground water samples is reduced as the distance of sources of ground water increased from. It is shown in fig. below. The electrical conductivity means the ability of water to transfer electrical charges. is highly influenced by dustfall

5 Electrical conductivity Total alkilinity(mg/l) Electrical conductivity Total alkilinity (mg/l) which contain different metals. Higher the percentage of ion present in water, higher is the value of electrical conductivity. But when the percentage of such ions increases beyond the limit, their charges cancel each other and again electrical conductivity fall down as it was found in case of sample. 5 Fig.: Electrical conductivity vs distance from stone The electrical conductivity of surface water of Lake L had shown the highest value as the lake is being recharge by percolated water. It is a source of ground water with salts hence the conductivity found to be more. Higher percentage of dustfall over Lake L and Lake L decreased the percentage free ions and hence the conductivity is less. The electrical conductivity had distinctly low reading as the distance of sources of surface water increased from which is reflected in Fig. 5 L L L L Fig.: Electrical conductivity vs distance from stone The Total Alkalinity of groundwater sources was found within HDL as shown in fig.. 5 Fig.: Total alkalinity vs distance from stone Total Alkalinity of surface water sources within the study area decreases suddenly for L as the water is collected from a source originating in water percolation. Total alkalinity again increases for Lake L and Lake L as it has been impacted by two adjoining stone crushing zones. 5 L L L L L Fig.: Total alkalinity vs distance from stone The total hardness recorded for ground water decreased as distance of ground water source increases from stone up to. The hardness test classified all the ground water samples as hard water as the value of total hardness exceeded standard limits. Total hardness obtained for was observed to be a highest value of hardness as shown in fig.. The higher percentage of total hardness of Lake L proved the impact of dustfall on sources of surface water. The value of total

6 Total hardness (mg/l) hardness of Lake L is less as usual as it is a source of fresh ground water. The hardness recorded for Lake L crossed HDL and hence it is known as a source of very hard water present within the effect of two stone crushing zone. The impact of dustfall on hardness of surface water is shown in fig.. 5 Fig.: Total hardness vs distance from stone 5. CONCLUSION The water quality loss means more changes in water parameters from it standard limits.. In this research ph value of surface water more variations found in reading were unpredictable than standard limits (WHO recommended -.5).. The result of Turbidity is more difference than its standard result. Ex. Station was turbidity found to be NTU for lake water which is much more than HDL (5NTU).. Electrical conductivity of water sample is increase near dustfall area and decrease away from dustfall area, Electrical conductivity of all stations were found more than MPL.. All collected water sample from lake were found to be hard. They cross the Hardness limit (HDL). References [] M.N. Murty and Surender Kumar (). "Water Pollution in India and Economic Appraisal". (Chapter no. ) Total hardness (mg/l) L L L L L [] G. N. Supe, Prof. S. M. Gawande (). The Water Quality Loss Due to Dust Pollution in South Katraj Region. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): - [] Nancy Diersing (May ). Water Quality: Frequently Asked Questions Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary [] Shahid Mallick (May-). "Industrialization water pollution and social change: a case of basin based village in bangladesh". International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume, Issue 5 ISSN -55 [5] Mike Daniels Professor Water Quality and Nutrient Management Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA5 Fig.: Total hardness vs distance from stone [] The Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland Parameters of Water Quality-Interpretation and Standards ISBN --5-