Chandirekera Sarah Mutubuki-Makuyana Senior Advisor Renewable Energy SNV Netherlands Development Organisation Zimbabwe

Transcription

1 Chandirekera Sarah Mutubuki-Makuyana Senior Advisor Renewable Energy SNV Netherlands Development Organisation Zimbabwe

2 Realising the potential and development of small hydropower and pumped storage projects in Africa Basic Definitions Small hydro power and pumped storage potential in Africa Development of Small Hydro power and storage in Africa Challenges in realising small hydropower potential in Africa Small Hydro Acceleration Model in Africa How to Proceed

3 Basic Definitions Small hydro often categorized into mini and micro hydro. No consensus reached on the definition of mini and micro hydros. Term small hydro power covers both mini and micro hydro power of under 10 MW (Karekezi and Ranja, 1997). Storage Systems - Allow for seasonal collection of water, which can have multiple uses. Run-of river systems -

4 Small Hydro Power and Pumped Storage Potential in Africa Small hydro potential in Africa estimated at 100GW Only 7% is exploited Handful of NGOs active players (GIZ; Practical Action) Private players mostly tea estates for own consumption Governments not forthcoming (Tanzania - feasibility studies; Ghana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Malawi map of potential sites)

5 Hydropower potential in Africa Africa (GWh/yr)* Africa (GW/yr) Africa (MW/yr) Potential 100kW sites in Africa Potential capacity 1,000, , ,157, Unexploited potential 930, ,639 1,076,389 Exploited Capacity 70, ,102 81,019 Percentage unexploited Source: The World Bank Group

6 Hydropower Distribution in Africa Distribution North Africa -23% West Africa -25% South/Central/Eastern Africa 51%

7 Small Hydropower Development in Africa Selected countries Country Harnessed (MW) Country Harnessed (MW) Algeria 42 Tanzania 4 Morocco 30 Lesotho 3.54 Tunisia 15 Mali 5.8 Egypt 10 Ghana 10 Uganda* 0.5 Nigeria 33 Mauritius 6.7 Malawi 1.52 Kenya 6.28 Botswana 1 Zimbabwe 5.4 Rwanda 1 Burundi 5.17 South Africa 0.4 Somalia 4.6 Swaziland 0.3 Zambia 4.5 Mozambique 0.1 Source: Karekezi and Kithyoma, 2005

8 Country Small Hydro Development Selected Countries Small Hydro Potential (2006) Harnessed (MW) (1998) Harnessed (MW) (2006) Harnessed (MW) (present status) Small Hydro power sites Kenya Burundi Tanzania Zimbabwe Uganda South Africa to 8000

9 Challenges in realising small hydropower potential in Africa Implementation experience lacking in most African countries Limited or non-existent technical practice of small hydro power projects No Financial mechanisms to promote small hydro power development (ACP EU Energy Facility, World Bank) Political will and focus on large scale commercial energy Not enough players

10 Focus on large scale Projects Country Capacity (MW) Expected online by Uganda 2, Kenya Tanzania 4, Ethiopia 3, Angola Lesotho 1, Malawi Mozambique 3, Namibia South Africa 1, Swaziland 1, Zambia/Zimbabwe 3, DRC 11, West Africa 4, Source: Frost & Sullivan

11 Small Hydro Acceleration Model in Africa Based on small hydro market development concept Supply side stimulation mostly required Technical expertise in designing (technical and economical) Opportunities for building technical expertise in small hydro development An industry in local component fabrication (turbines)

12 Small Hydro Acceleration Model in Africa Supply Side Developing the Small hydro Industry as a business Promote Local investors to take leading role (building societies; pension funds; property developers) Develop national expertise in financing, business and economic designing of small hydro schemes (universities; technical colleges) Develop a small hydro component fabrication industry at national level

13 Small Hydro Acceleration Model in Africa

14 How to Proceed Year 1 Setting the ground Awareness at national level Engage local authorities and lobby for bylaws to prioritise decentralised energy small hydro where applicable Engage Universities, technical colleges to conduct pre feasibility studies with students Produce small hydro maps with market potential Develop business and financial models for potential sites

15 Engage local potential investors to take up projects aggressive marketing How to Proceed Source: FUNAE

16 How to proceed Year 2 Commencement of projects Detailed feasibility studies for selected sites Commencement of construction More awareness and marketing to local investors

17 Contact Details For any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact us. Chandi Mutubuki-Makuyana: Phone: