The Electric Power Research Institute s Large-Scale Demonstration ti Program for a Low-Carbon Future

Transcription

1 The Electric Power Research Institute s Large-Scale Demonstration ti Program for a Low-Carbon Future Ron Schoff (rschoff@epri.com) Senior Project Manager EPRI Gasification Technologies Conference Colorado Springs, CO October 4-7, 2009

2 Why Now? Why Demonstrations? Every year we delay, we fall further behind Technology is essential to addressing the CO 2 issue Technology development requires large-scale demonstrations: Advanced generation Carbon capture and storage (CCS) Energy efficiency And many others Technology developments typically take years Delays may lead to regulatory uncertainty and fewer options and all options must be available to keep electricity costs affordable (EPRI s PRISM and MERGE) 2

3 EPRI s PRISM Analysis Roadmap for a low-carbon future Detailed analysis of the pathway to reducing CO 2 emissions across the electricity sector Provides guidance on the needed generation mix to slow, stop, and reverse global CO 2 emissions Cited in numerous national and international publications as pre-eminent work on global climate and energy 3

4 PRISM: CO 2 Reduction Technical Potential 4

5 EPRI s MERGE Analysis Economic analysis of options for a low-carbon future Detailed model of the economic impacts of meeting CO 2 emissions reductions Models the value of deploying the full technology portfolio as shown in the PRISM analysis compared to any other option, e.g., a limited it portfolio of new technologies Projects the least-cost combination of technologies needed to meet an economy-wide CO 2 reduction goal Change in U.S S. GDP Value of R&D Investment 5

6 EPRI s Priority Analysis to Action Presentation will focus on CCS demos Technology Challenges 1. Enabling energy efficiency with efficient end-use technologies and smart grids Demonstration Projects Energy efficiency projects Smart grids DER and energy storage projects 2. Enabling intermittent DER and energy renewables with advanced transmission and energy storage 3. Deploying advanced light water reactors 4. Deploying CCS by Renewables Nuclear projects PC with CCS projects IGCC with CCS projects Solar, geothermal, and other projects One of EPRI s goal is to help develop large-scale demonstration projects in multiple areas required to meet the PRISM / MERGE analyses goals for a lowcarbon future 6

7 EPRI CCS Demo Projects Three project groups comprise six projects: Description Post-Combustion (PC) with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): American Electric Power (AEP) PC with CCS: Southern Company Services (SCS) Ion Transport Membrane (ITM) for Low-Cost Oxygen Production Integrated t Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) with CCS Project 1 IGCC with CCS Project 2 IGCC with CCS Project 3 Size 20 MW e 25 MW e 150 tons O 2 /day TBD 1,000,000+ tons CO 2 /year 3,500,000 tons CO 2 /year 7

8 IGCC R&D Improvement Potential Current Status Carbon Management Commercially available & operating CO 2 capture technology Emissions (w/ccs) NOx: lb/mwh SOx: Nil PM: lb/mwh Water Usage (w/ccs) 1/3 less than SCPC Solid Waste Slag (suitable for landfill or used in roads) Net Plant Ef fficiency (%, HHV Basis) Base Plant + Full CCS Future Potential + G Frame GT (1) + ITM + CO2 Slurry + Adv. CCS Notes: 1. G Frame GT case includes full air-side GT-ASU integration 2. Efficiency Improvements are cumulative EPRI is Supporting this Roadmap via Demo Projects and Technology Innovation 8

9 ITM for Low Cost Oxygen Production Overview A ceramic membrane to separate oxygen from air Intermediate-sized 150 tons O 2 /day test unit integrated with 5-15 MW e turbomachinery system Utilizes commercial-scale ceramic membrane modules for oxygen separation Representative of arrangement for full-scale IGCC plant with CCS Three-year program to design, 0.5 tons O 2 /day ITM build, and test system Modules Team: Air Products (with Ceramatec and Siemens), DOE, and EPRI EPRI has launched the collaborative Builds on major investments by Air Products and DOE Will incorporate real-world utility plant design and integration considerations Forms a bridge to commercial IGCC application May enhance oxy-combustion applications Additional organizations are welcome to join the collaborative Images courtesy Air Products. Air Products. All rights reserved. 9

10 ITM for Low Cost Oxygen Production Potential Benefits Reduces barriers to IGCC technology deployment Decreases capital cost by ~7% Decreases auxiliary power consumption by ~6% Improves plant efficiency by ~1 percentage point Reduces oxygen plant footprint by 50% Reduces cooling water requirement by 60% Large forecast growth in oxygen plant market should drive learning-by-doing cost reduction after commercialization Potential use with oxy-combustion boilers 10

11 Status Update ITM project progress to date Initial testing of 0.5 ton-o 2 /day modules started in 2006 Over 600 days of cumulative operation in multiple runs Initial testing of 1.0 ton-o 2 /day modules planned this year FEED completed for 150 ton-o 2 /day unit Air Products. All rights reserved. Modified with permission. Contract between EPRI and Air Products in place 7 funders have joined the collaborative Kickoff meeting occurred in March, 2009 Site visits occurred in July and September, 2009 Next steps p EPRI has initiated project tasks 11

12 EPRI Deliverables Plant-wide performance and cost analysis Economic studies of IGCC and oxy-combustion applications using ITM in ways useful for the power industry ITM operating envelope and design Assessment under real-world IGCC and oxy-combustion operations Integration of turbomachinery and ITM Assessment of potential issues related to power plant integration Test unit performance evaluation Assessment of the 150 ton-o 2 /day test unit Requirements for ITM-based power plants Evaluation of operational requirements of ITM for real-world plants Formulation of future development activities Identification of critical development activities for subsequent scale-up efforts 12

13 ITM for Low Cost Oxygen Production Schedule Fabrication, Assembly, and Turbomachinery Integration Startup and Testing Design of 150 tons O 2 /Day Test Unit All new coal plants capture 90% of CO 2 Commercial availability of CO 2 storage Note: This schedule only shows ITM activities related to this EPRI-led collaborative project 13

14 IGCC with CCS Demonstration Program Overview Demonstrate technical and economic viability of CCS integrated with coal-based IGCC power plants Program Description: Demonstrate integrated pre-combustion CO 2 capture from syngas, CO 2 compression, transport, injection into deep geologic formations, and post-injection monitoring Program Scope: Three distinct demonstrations at increasing levels of CO 2 storage have been proposed: Project 1: TBD Project 2: ~1,000,000 tons CO 2 /year at a planned facility with CO 2 capture from unshifted syngas (also known as partial capture ) Project 3: ~3,500,000 tons CO 2 /year at a new facility with fully shifted syngas-based CO 2 capture (also known as full capture ) EPRI Role: Engineering, permitting, site characterization, capture and storage testing and validation program, and performance monitoring 14

15 IGCC with CCS Demonstrations Potential Benefits Lowers risk for future IGCC projects with CCS through real-world demonstrations Advances understanding of how to integrate IGCC with CO 2 capture and geologic injection Provides design guidelines and economic information on capture, transport, and storage elements Contributes to a range of compliance options for power industry as CO 2 regulations emerge Improves public understanding of clean coal and CCS technology 15

16 IGCC with CCS Demonstrations Schedule 1 Project 1: TBD 2 3 Project 2: ~1,000, tons CO 2 /year skimming i demo Project 3: ~3,500,000 tons CO 2 /year full capture demo 2 3 All new coal plants capture 90% of CO 2 Commercial availability of CO 2 storage Engineering Phase Project Execution Phase 16

17 Together Shaping g the Future of Electricity 17