From waste management to material management. Anders Wijkman, chair Climate-KIC, chair Recycling Sweden, at IVA May 31st, 2018

Transcription

1 From waste management to material management Anders Wijkman, chair Climate-KIC, chair Recycling Sweden, at IVA May 31st, 2018

2 2

3 3

4 Steel, Cement, Aluminium, Plastics & Paper with an initial value of 55 billion SEK reach end of life annually in Sweden Initial value of end-of-life materials, broken down by product category and material Billion SEK per year, Sweden bn SEK (~75%) Buildings Products and packaging Transportation Other Total Cement Aluminium Plastics Paper Steel 4

5 70% of inital materials value is lost each year due to volume losses and downgrading Materials value Billion SEK per year, Swedish materials system 55 Costs for secondary materials production Volume losses Price losses (downgrading) 42 6,9 8,1 Steel 0,9 3,2 1,1 22 5,1-30 (70%) Plastics Aluminium 0,8 1,0 2, Paper Cement Initial value Steel Plastics Alum. Paper Cement Steel Plastics Alum. Paper Cement Retained value 5

6 Reasons for value losses differ Plastics No more than 8% av initial value is retained after first use cycle Plastics are mixed, contaminated, part of composite materials, too little standards etc % is incinerated Aluminium No more than 38% is retained after first use cycle Too many alloys and composite materials Steel No more than 58% is retained after first use cycle Main reasons are waste in production and alloys The mixture of steel and cupper is a major obstacle to effective recycling Main reasons lack of standards, poor design and ineffective recycling 6

7 Plastics: Official statistics convey the impression of a circular system Volume Value 47 % 92 % 53 % 8 % Swedish Statistical Office tells of 53% recycling of plastics But in reality only 8% of the original value is captured But what is reported are the volumes collected 7

8 2040: a circular economy scenario reclaims 11 bn SEK of materials value annually (steel, plastics, aluminium) Annual value of non-used material in Sweden, 2040 Billion SEK per year, Sweden Today s system: 28 bn SEK in material value is lost 2040: a circular system is reclaims 12 bn SEK of value annually Further improvements 39,6 4,6 Product design: contexture, life time etc. 4,2 Material selection: small material flows, lack of standardization etc. 5,5 Collection: lack of system, infrastructure, small scale Further long-term improvements 2,8 Loses through recycling: loses during the sorting process etc. 4,9 Low quality and demand, small scale etc 3,1 Regulations and investment risk 3,1 Other loses 11,3 Standardizatio n and material development 2,2 1,7 Regional markets and specialization Product Requirements / Collaboration across 5 major value chains 2,9 1,0 Technical development and economies of scale Increased demand 1,9 1,7 Increased quality of secondary products Initial value of non-used materials Value of secondary material in today s system Value of secondary material in a circular system, 2040 Product design and material choice Recycling and infrastructure Markets and regulations 8

9 9

10 Textiles is no better Of total production globally - roughly 120 mill tons p a % reach consumers; most of the rest is destructed Waste at production 20-30% 16 mill tons textile waste in the US in 2016; 3 mill tons incinerated; 10 mill tons landfilled. Polyester increasing its share(>50%) = microplastics in the oceans and the soils + CO2 Average time people keep clothing is 3 years 10

11 11

12 Demand for basic materials is rapidly increasing Estimates from International Resource Panel tell that the world will need to double urban infrastructure till 2050 Steel, cement, aluminium and plastics represent roughly 20 % of global carbon emissions. Based on today s materials and technologies we can forget Paris 12

13 13

14 14

15 Policy measures to be considered: Adopt a long-term goal at EU and national level to retain material value after first use cycle; Recycling rates are totally insufficient as targets Develop indicators that capture the value of material flows rather than recycling rates Create the pre-conditions for a secondary materials market Put a price on externalities (virgin materials normally less expensive than secondary materials Tax shift tax use of nature, lower tax on labor Strengthen Producer Responsibility Framework Pave the way for cooperation between manufacturing, retail and recycling industries in sectors like construction, vehicles, food, textiles, electronics etc Establish design requirements for ease of reuse and recycling Public Procurement to play a pro-active role Support new business models- offering services instead of selling stuff Make material efficiency a priority in climate strategies 15