Chapter 3 Reading/Homework Quiz

Transcription

1 Name Chapter 3 Reading/Homework Quiz Date APES 1. Scientists estimate that tropical rain forests contain up to half of the earth s land plants and animal species. What percentage of the world s land surface do tropical rain forests cover? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 10 e The disappearance of the tropical rain forests is an important issue because it will. a. increase financial stability in the affected countries b. accelerate atmospheric warming c. stabilize regional weather patterns d. result in more places to build cities e. reduce the spread of new infectious diseases to humans 3. Life on the earth depends on interaction of gravity, the cycling of matter, and the. a. recycling of energy b. one-way flow of high-quality energy c. one-way flow of matter d. destruction of energy e. consumption of matter 4. Fossil fuels and minerals are found in the. a. unisphere b. atmosphere c. hydrosphere d. geosphere e. biosphere 5. Which of the following is a major violator of the chemical cycling principle? a. primary producers b. detritivores c. decomposers d. humans e. bacteria 6. Ecology is the study of. a. how human impacts the environment

2 b. the abiotic elements of the environment c. the biotic elements of the environment d. how organisms interact with each other and the nonliving environment e. how evolution formed populations 7. Which of the following is an abiotic component of an ecosystem? a. nutrients b. microbes c. autotrophs d. heterotrophs e. tertiary consumers 8. What term describes groups of different species living together in a particular place with a potential for interacting with one another? a. organism b. population c. community d. ecosystem e. biosphere 9. Which consumers feed on the flesh of herbivores? a. primary consumers b. secondary consumers c. tertiary consumers d. apoptotic consumers e. bioconsumers 10. Organisms that feed only on plants are called. a. detritivores e. decomposers 11. The very necessary process of breaking down the dead bodies of organisms is a function of. a. detritivores e. producers 12. What term describes organisms that complete the final breakdown and recycling of organic materials from the remains of all organisms?

3 a. detritivores e. decomposers 13. Complex networks of interconnected food chains are. a. food webs b. food distribution interactions c. trophic levels d. pyramids of energy e. trophic chains 14. Each trophic level in a food chain or food web contains a certain amount of organic matter, called. a. food b. energy c. biomass d. organisms e. decomposition 15. The typical percentage of high quality energy loss in transfers from one trophic level to the next is about. a. 1% b. 5% c. 35% d. 60% e. 90% 16. If grass stores 1,000 energy units received from the sun, the ecological efficiency of the ecosystem is 10%, and the trophic levels are grass cow human, how many units of energy does the human receive of the original 1,000 units? a. 900 b. 200 c. 100 d. 10 e What is a major difference between the phosphorus cycle and the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles? a. The phosphorous cycle is much faster than the others. b. The phosphorous cycle does not include the atmosphere but the others do. c. The phosphorous cycle makes use of living organisms but the others do not. d. The phosphorous cycle is able to create new energy.

4 e. The phosphorous cycle has not been impacted by human activity. 18. What is a result of phosphate rich runoff from land? a. improved agricultural production b. increased growth of algae in streams, lakes, and other water bodies c. healthier forests and increased forest growth d. decreased need for fertilization of agricultural crops e. erosion and release of marine sediments 19. Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are added to the atmosphere by. a. volcanoes b. floods c. meat consumption d. sea spray e. acid rain deposition 20. Humans add sulfur to the atmosphere primarily by the release of. a. sulfate b. DMS c. hydrogen sulfide d. sulfur trioxide e. sulfur dioxide 21. How much of the earth's water supply is available as accessible liquid freshwater? a % b. 2.1% c. 4.7% d. 7.1% e. 9.6% 22. Humans intervene in the nitrogen cycle in several ways. Which of the following is one of those ways? a. Burning fossil fuels adds nitric oxide. b. Agriculture decreases the production of nitrous oxides. c. Protecting and replanting forests releases nitrogen. d. Harvesting nitrogen-rich crops stores nitrogen in the topsoil. e. Agriculture with fertilizers uses nitrogen in the aquatic systems. 23. Ammonia that is not taken up by plants may undergo. a. denitrification b. nitrogen fixation

5 c. nitrification d. acid deposition e. phosphorization 24. The form of nitrogen used by plants to produce various amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and vitamins is. a. ammonium ions b. nitrogen gas c. proteins d. nitrites e. nitrate ions 25. What is one major way in which humans harmfully impact the water cycle? a. overpumping of aquifers b. expanding wetlands c. decreasing runoff d. increasing infiltration e. recharging aquifers