Jakob Granit Director General. Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management

Transcription

1 Jakob Granit Director General Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management

2 Global level challenges & responses 2

3 The Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem-Nexus 3

4 Growing water scarcity: aggregated global water supply gap, estimated to be 40% by 2030 assuming no efficiency gains More than 75% of river flows are allocated to agriculture, industries or domestic purposes Water resources can be abundant but lack of investment makes them unavailable for exploitation

5 50 % for irrigation 18 % for hydropower 12 % for water supply 10 % for flood control 10% other functions 9/14/2017 5

6 Water supply & sanitation is lagging behind >800 million people lack access to safe water 2 billion people lack access to improved sanitation >80% of wastewater globally is untreated 6

7 Pollution ex. Marine debris Linked to consumption and production patterns 4-13 million ton plastics enter the oceans every year About 600 species of ocean species are affected Entanglement 80% of the marine debris originates from land based sources Photo: Ren och Attraktiv Kust

8 Growing energy consumption trends links to climate change & water use 1.6 billion people lack acccess to modern electricity World energy consumption forecast to grow by 49 percent from 2007 to 2035 Fossil fuels expected to continue supply much of the energy used worldwide 85% of global energy supply in 2008 Renewable energy is relatively the fastest-growing source of electricity generation 13 % of primary energy demand is met by renewable energy Almost 80 percent of the increase is in HEP power & wind power UN Energy 2010

9 The world is currently on track for warming of around 3-4 C 9

10 800 million people were food insecure in 2012 To meet demand in 2050, the world will need 70% more calories, including 50% more cereals, 90% more meat, and 80% more dairy Sources: Maplecroft's Food Security Risk Index 2013; Searchinger, T., et al.., Creating a Sustainable Food Future: A Menu of Solutions to Sustainably Feed More than 9 Billion People by World Resources Report : Interim Findings. World Resources Institute, the World Bank, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Washington, DC. 10

11 Response - Paris Agreement Aim well below 2⁰C, pursue efforts to limit to 1.5 ⁰C No global emission reduction target pathway No binding national targets, but Nationally Determined Contributions, with binding reporting Regular stock-take and review of targets Climate finance at a floor of 100 billion

12 The Response Global Goals for Sustainable Development

13 Response: the UN Ocean Conference June 2017, hosted by Sweden and Fiji Swedish priorities: 1. Management of marine debris from a source-tosea perspective ~80% of marine pollution originates on land 2. Climate change and ocean acidification 3. Sustainable fisheries and blue growth Promoting Regional cooperation Marine spatial planning Marine protected areas

14 Can we achieve SDG 14 without looking upstream? Starting at the source to save the sea 14

15 Regional level challenges & opportunities

16 Transboundary freshwater resources management Water (surface & ground) crosses boundaries About 279 TB river basins in the world, 45% earth surface (Backer 2011) Political & physical boundaries at local, national & international levels Upstream & downstream issues Recognizing: The political economy in sovereign states differ Underlying power asymmetries to consider, (Zeitoun and Warner 2006) Only 20% of all multi-country basins feature multilateral organisations, (Dombrowsky,2007) 7 are basin wide Cooperation compared to conflict appears to be the norm in TB systems (Giordano and Wolf 2003) 16

17 Regional governance is key to manage transboundary water resources Link state and non-state actors at various levels over time ( nested governance ) Provide frameworks for multi-country cooperation & change behaviour norms, trust, institutions, reciprocity, transaction costs, reduce power games Ensure (national) political commitment and buy-in at diferent regional scales - Continent, macro-region, sub-regions, micro-regions EU, Baltic Sea Region BSR Strategy, ASEAN, OAS, CARECOM, AU, SADC, EAC 17

18 EU tackling common water quality challenges Directive 2000/60/EC -the Water Framework Directive (WFD) Ecosystems based, IWRM approach A vision that water bodies in the EU should obtain good ecological status (2015, 2021, 2027) 47% of EU surface waters are not reaching good ecological status in 2015 (European Commission, 2012) Many countries including Sweden are facing challenges in the implementation of the directive 18

19 Sweden National level implementation & building societal value 19

20 SwAM who are we? Central government agency, Sorts under the Ministry of the Environment and Energy Coordinate, guide, finance & implement - The EU Habitats Directive, research 5 Water Management Agencies - EU Water Framework Directive 3 Sea basin management districts - EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive - EU Marine Spatial Planning Directive Fisheries management - EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) 20

21 Swedish nexus case - hydropower, the environment & socio-cultural values Stakeholder dialogue Common language, eg understanding balance & regulating functions in power systems Proposed national strategy Political framework agreement on energy development Proposal for a private sector trust fund Review and mitigation Proposed act on hydropower and water management for review 21

22 Physical planning - interaction land-sea Land use planning marine spatial planning local - national planning Skagerrak/Kattegat

23 Key national policy areas from source-to-sea Demonstrating societal value from good water management in the nexus Green growth Blue growth and the Swedish maritime strategy A circular biobased economy A new climate policy framework act 23

24 Thank you