Design for Recycling

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1 Design for Recycling

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4 Design for Recycling Su s ta i n a b l e D e v e l o p m e n t In d u s tri a l Eco l o g y D FE En e rg y U s e R e d u cti o n D FR Su b s ta n ce R e d u cti o n

5 Design for Recycling

6 Why is DFR Important? Proper consideration of a product's environmental impact during the product's design phase is of paramount importance for American electronic manufacturers. Not only to avoid increased regulation and potential environmental liability, but, also, to maintain competitiveness in a marketplace full of increasingly environmentally conscious consumers.

7 Why is DFR Important? A competitive issue At the heart of the decline of competitiveness is the failure to create industries of the future -- Gary Hamel, London Business School A bottom line issue Once industrialists think about it at all seriously, they almost inevitably see the financial advantages of investments in environmental technology -- Hugh Faulkner, Business Council for Sustainable Development

8 Why is DFR Important? A legal issue 12 countries have take-back laws on the books 26 States have passed laws addressing e-waste Most popular format is Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) For more information on state laws visit

9 Design for Recycling Two elements Design for Reuse Reuse--The ability to take an item after it has been expended and inject it back into the production or repair process in its initially designed form. Design for Recycling Recycling--The ability to take an item after it has been expended and return it to usefulness in an alternative form or as a commodity.

10 Design for Recyclability Design for Recycling Molding versus labels IC recovery Packing material recovery Design for Reuse Toner Cartridge Recovery Disposable cameras

11 Reuse Extending product life Avoid manufacturing new products Help bridge the digital divide Potential Manufacturing Cost Savings Issues Interchangeability Data Erasure

12 Design for Recycling

13 Closed Loop Reuse/Recovery Reuse M a te ria l In v e n to ry I C ' s PM P r o d u c t M a n u fa ctu ri n gl i f e Op e ra tio n s P r e - P r o d u c t i o n D e s i g n E n g i n e e ri n g D e s i g n S u rp l u s & S cra p D e m a n u fa ctu ri n g Op e ra tio n s F e r r o u s M e t a l s N o n - F e r r o u s M e t a l s P l a s t i c s Te ch n i ca l D a ta C o s t s, R e v e n u e s, G l a s s M e t h o d s,... CAD To o l s P a c k i n g Al te rn a ti v e U s e s Recy cling l e a d s m e l t i n g, p l a s t i c c o m p o s i t e s, c a s t i n g s,... Figure 1: Closed loop reuse/recycling system

14 Recycling Methodologies Two Primary Methodologies Demanufacturing Destructive Disassembly (shredding)

15 Recycling Improvements Economic Improvements Decrease disassembly time Increase liberated value Decrease learning curve Environmental Improvements Increase recyclable content

16 Disassembly Curve

17 Disassembly Time 60 Disassembly Time Difference T i m e M i n Number of Units Old Design Improved Design

18 Common DFR Analysis Results Dissimilar connection methodologies across subassemblies Labeling issues BOM issues Complexity of interconnect design

19 Conclusion How can design for reuse and design for recycling be incorporated into the initial product design process? By giving the designer an awareness of the reuse/recycling processes, design decisions can be made that will minimize the product's end of life cycle environmental impact. In many cases these decisions will not impact overall product cost, especially when overall product life costs are considered. In some cases, these decisions can only be made by tradeoff analysis.