Atmospheric Environmental Research Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research IMK-IFU Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

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1 Atmospheric Environmental Research Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research IMK-IFU Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hans Peter Schmid, Director IMK-IFU: Atmospheric Environmental KIT die Research Kooperation von IMK-IFU Atmosphärische Umweltforschung Garmisch-Partenkirchen Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

2 Organisation of IMK IMK Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung Troposphärenforschung (IMK-TRO) Atmosphärische Aerosolforschung (IMK-AAF) Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF) Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU) IMK-IFU: Atmospheric Environmental KIT die Research Kooperation von IMK-IFU Atmosphärische Umweltforschung Garmisch-Partenkirchen Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

3 IMK-IFU: Organigramm

4 Personnel Base-Funding and Projects status of October 2007 (snapshot) 56 long-term Members 33 Scientists 12 Engineers & Technicians 11 Infrastructure Support 18 Graduate Students (u.a. Finland, Italy, China) 1 Postdoc 6 Trainees/Assistants 1 Ecological Volunteers (FÖJ) 4 Visiting Scientists (Mexico, China...) 86 Persons in total (36 on Base Funding)

5 Atmospheric Environmental Research: Atmosphere Terrestrial Biosphere Terrestrial Hydrosphere & Land Surface (source: IPCC 2001, WG1 Report, Summary) IMK-IFU: Atmospheric Environmental KIT die Research Kooperation von IMK-IFU Atmosphärische Umweltforschung Garmisch-Partenkirchen Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH und Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

6 IMK-IFU: Atmosphärische Umweltforschung Observation and Modelling of the atmospheric Environment

7 Topics and Foci Regional Climate- & Earth System Modelling Investigation and assessment of regional impacts of global climate change as a basis for local measures of adaptation and mitigation Biogenic Emissions of Climatically Active Trace Gases Bio-chemical emissions (CO 2, Methan, N 2 O, VOC) in soils and plants. Regional variability and global distribution. Influence and feedbacks of climat5e change and land-use change. Variability and Longterm-Trends in the Atmosphere Detection of climate change fingerprints in the atmosphere. Development of innovative methods for observation and analysis of trace-gas profiles through the atmosphere. Zugspitze & Schneefernerhaus: Reference observations for satellites and models.

8 Regional climate and water in climate sensitive regions KIT/IMK: Regional Earth System Modelling (RESyM)

9 Regional climate and water in climate sensitive regions too much water or not enough? water resources severe flooding (1999, 2005) severe droughts (Rhine, 2003)

10 Regional climate and water in climate sensitive regions Land Surface in the Climate System: Observations + Modelling Downscaling and Upscaling Topic 1 Global Climate Regional Climate (meso-α scale) Regional Climate (meso-γ scale) Local Refinement (sub-meso scale) Parameterisations Observations & Process Models Legend H 2 O downscaling strategy H 2 O upscaling strategy

11 Regional climate and water in climate sensitive regions Entwicklung einer Methode zur verbesserten Vorhersage der Regenzeit in Westafrika & Atmosphäre-Hydrologie Modellsystem Julianischer Map Tag of minimal für Ansaat mit minimalem risk Ernteausfallrisiko (Ghana and Burkina Faso) Anomaliemuster O-W Feuchtefluß 500 hpa: stat. signifikant verknüpt mit Regenzeitbeginn im südlichen Sahel Laux, P., et al. (2009) International J. Climatology, 29, Laux P., et al. (2007): International J.Climatology, 20,

12 Regional climate change & urban-rural interactions Coupled Mesoscale Climate Chemistry Model (MCCM): Satellite Derived Data: column values NO x integration of models & observations for air quality mitigation decision support Emissions: Base & Scenarios Measurements: Evaluation (e.g., from DLR) input Days [O 3 ] > 120 µg/m 3, Jun- Aug Difference ( ) ( ) Climate- & Chemistry Model Air Quality Projections Meso-scale Climate- Chemistry Model science based decision support Stakeholders: e.g., communities, gov. agencies

13 Regional climate change & urban-rural interactions First results on Megacities Assessment of air quality in hot-spot regions Air quality modeling in the greater region of Beijing (in cooperation with CAS-IAP) Measurements of MLH by ceilometer (IMK-IFU, Vaisala) in Beijing

14 Biogenic Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 3 Werner et al., , ,5,6,7, 8 1

15 Biogenic Emissions of Greenhouse Gases The Höglwald Program: long-time series for quantifying environmental effects on biosphere-atmosphere exchange N 2 O emission measurements since 1993 TERENO-prealpine site Höglwald site is designated ICOS-D core site N 2 O Emissions (cum.) NO Emissions (cum.)

16 Biological & Ecological Functions of Climatically Active Biogenic Tracegases Atmospheric Chemistry blue haze oxidation capacity (OH. ) photosmog, SOA ozone Biological Functions 28 C 36 C VOC interactions (isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes) Ecological Functions plant - insect 40 C 44 C thermotolerance antioxidants plant animal interaction defense mechanisms Behnke et al. 2007, Plant J 51 pp Loivamäki et al. 2008, PNAS 105 pp

17 Biological & Ecological Functions of Climatically Active Biogenic Tracegases Isopren-emission protects photosynthesis from impacts of transient heat stress 40 (a) heat stress 1000 (a) light flecks 1600 Blatttemperatur [ C] PPFD [µmol photons m -2 s -1 ] Blatttemperatur [ C] PPFD [µmol photons m -2 s -1 ] Isoprenemission [nmol m -2 s -1 ] (b) Wildtyp transgen 0 Isoprenemission [nmol m -2 s -1 ] (b) Wildtyp 0 Behnke et al. 2007, Plant J 51 pp Loivamäki et al. 2009, submitted 0 0 transgen 4 (c) Wildtyp 6 (c) Photosynthese [µmol m -2 s -1 ] transgen Photosynthese [µmol m -2 s -1 ] 4 2 Wildtyp 0 0 transgen time [min] time[min]

18 Biological & Ecological Functions of Climatically Active Biogenic Tracegases Isopren compromises attraction of bodyguards, plays role in tritrophicaln plant-insect-interactios Jonathan Gershenzon 2008, PNAS 105 pp Insects turn up their noses at sweating plants Y-tube experiment with parasitic wasp Diadegma semiclausum Loivamäki et al. 2008, PNAS 105 pp Diadegma semiclausum no Isopren Isopren WT WT + Pl.xylostella * * TR TR + Pl. xylostella 49 Plutella xylostella

19 Variability and Lang-Term Trends in the Atmosphere Deutschland s highest top-research H 2 O Trend: large regional Variations! Slight (but significant) trend in water vapor integrated water vapor (mm) measured trend + intra-annual trend Zugspitze FTIR Year Sussmann, Borsdorff, et al.: Atmos. Chem. Phys., in review

20 IMK-IFU Highlights Planned: arid/semi-arid Mediterranean Observatory

21 Thank you for your attention!