Winther wheat for bioethanol

Transcription

1 Winther wheat for bioethanol Energy, feed and land use balances for 1 st and 2 nd generation bioethanol Claus Felby & Niclas Scott Bentsen KU-Life

2 Multiple use of agriculture: People, livestock and energy People Livestock People Energy Energy Livestock Agricultural crop land use 2008 FAO-stat

3 Land use The ultimate limitation for the amount for biomass we can supply for the energy sector is size of the land area we can make available Using land for production of bioenergy will have both direct and in-direct effects Direct land use effects are when land is converted to bioenergy production. In-direct land use effects occur when the introduction of bioenergy affects other parts of the agricultural system. Land use effects can reduce or increase greenhouse gas emissions as well as food and feed production i.e. they can be either positive or negative.

4 Linear one-dimensional perception of land use Food Feed Energy Nutrients, chemicals, energy, machinery

5 System perception of land use Field A Field B Food Feed Energy Nutrients, chemicals, energy, machinery Nutrients, chemicals, energy, machinery The limiting factor is the size of the area and the way we use it! Biofuels introduce new products...

6 More than one use for grain and straw in the winther wheat feed & energy system Grain: Feed Ethanol DDGS protein feed Straw: Feed Fertilizer Solid fuel for heat and power Ethanol C5 molasses

7 What are the energy, feed, protein and land use balances of using 1 ha of winther wheat for bioethanol? IBUS technology Surplus steam Straw Straw Grain Wholecrop Molasse Bagasse Sugar cane Household waste Straw Grain Bioethanol Protein feed Feed molasses High quality solid biofuel Fertilizer, seed, energy, pesticides, machinery etc. Grain Feed

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9 Main findings Energy efficency for 1 ha of land vary between 40-78% Little if any feed protein deficit Low feed imbalance for 2 nd generation, high for 1 st generation Land use may be positive due to feed byproducts

10 What will happen to land-use balances if we are to choose between using 1 ha of straw for CHP or 2nd generation bioethanol? i.e. we disregard the feed, and fertilizer value of straw.

11 Winter wheat use of 1 ha to food, feed and fuel: Relative land use imbalance 1st gen. 1st+2nd gen. C6 1st+2nd gen. C6&C5 2nd gen. C6 2nd gen. C6&C5 Bottom line: 2nd generation bioethanol may give you more opportunities for land use

12 Opportunities 2 nd generation bioethanol makes 0,23 ha available on a local level due to feed molasse products If we choose to use the surplus land for energy crops we could both provide biomass for ethanol and heat and power. The reason is that by processing of straw to feed products we increase the efficiency by which we use our land. Thus it may be possible to produce bioethanol from straw without compromising the supply of biomass for heat and power nor the feed and food production.

13 Optimized use of land From: HJ Schnellnhuber. Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions", March 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark

14 Land use and bioenergy It is not about how much land we use for food, feed and fuel, it s how we use it Bioenegy is part of a complex and dynamic system of agriculture and forestry. We need to approach bioenergy from a systems point of view. Exploring the dynamics of agricultural production may increase the biomass potential Direct and in-direct land use effects can be both positive and negative.

15 New Fuels -exploring the microbiological well Diesel type fuels Jet fuels Gasoline type fuels

16 The microbiological fuel pathways Synthetic biology Jet fuel Gasoline Butanol Isopentanol Hydrogen Ethanol Jet fuel Diesel Propanol

17 Advanced biofuels Sugar derived i.e. compatible with bioethanol 4-18 carbon length chains Lower yield ~25% compared to ethanol 20-40% w/w higher energy content than ethanol Non (less)-miscible with water No destillation required Can be (and are) designed to existing engine technology 25-50% less steam required during processing. 100% GMO restrictions on feed products Pilot-scale level

18 Biofuels of 2025 Major biomass based transport fuels Higher alcohols Terpenes Alkenes CH4 biogas BTL diesel (?) Minor biomass based transport fuels Bioethanol Plant oil based biodiesel Challenges GMO/feed issue Adaptability to cellulosic feedstocks Economic feasability? Speed of implementation Better fit with current engine technology, higher energy density and higher energy efficiency ~75%

19 Thank you for listening Thanks to: - Claus Felby s group at Uni. of Copenhagen - Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation for financial support Thank you for listening