SILVER HYGIENE. FOR WATER APPLICATIONS A compilation & guide on various aspects of silver use related to water applications and its expected benefits.

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1 SILVER HYGIENE FOR WATER APPLICATIONS A compilation & guide on various aspects of silver use related to water applications and its expected benefits.

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3 Silver Everywhere! Historically silver is used for treating wounds, coating sweets and storing water. Silver is inherently antibacterial in nature. Silver use in industry is growing day by day with applications ranging from textiles, electronics, wound dressing, swimming pool water purification systems, PVC materials, and consumer products. Silver is naturally occuring and inert in nature. The potential market for silver in water treatment applications is well known.

4 Bacteria and Health Water borne illness is a major problem in developing nations. Micro organisms normally grow in water and on surfaces in contact with water as biofilms. Elevated bacteria levels occur especially in stagnant parts of piped distribution systems, storage tanks, domestic plumbing, bottled water and in plumbed-in devices such as softeners, carbon filters and vending machines. WHO (World Health Organization) considers that water should be suitable for human consumption and for all usual domestic purposes including personal hygiene. It is important to maintain hygiene in water storage tanks and filters.

5 Silver for Health, Silver for Pure Water People have known for centuries that silver kills germs. One question that has puzzled scientists is why silver is harmful to bacteria but does not hurt humans. Silver interrupts the ability of bacterial cells to form chemical bonds essential to bacteria s survival. These bonds produce the cell s physical structure, so bacteria essentially fall apart in the presence of silver. Cells in humans have thick walls and are not known to be disturbed by silver. Silver ions are being added to water purification pools and spas. Silver in contact with oxygen acts as a powerful sanitizer that augments other disinfectant systems. Silver also helps in preventing diseases caused by bacterial build up in pipes, connections and water tanks. Testing against a gram-positive and a gramnegative species gives an idea of effectiveness of silver against the bacteria. The bacteria recommended for such testing are specified under JIS Z 2801 protocol in detail.

6 Safety & Migration Plastics are being used in large scale in water and food applications. When water comes in contact with plastic, a high molecular mass substance, it does not pose any hazard, as it does not dissolve in water. Any additive added to the plastic, needs to be tested for its non-leaching property. Additives leaching may pose a hazard on long contact hence migration study is necessary. The choice of stimulating solvent and the test conditions are typically based on the end use and contact materials. In case of water storage tanks, it is water, which is a stimulant. The additional safety test includes color migration, heavy metal tests, primary aromatic amines, polychlorinated bi phenyl, and carcinogenic amines. The presence of these is tested on theplastics to assure safety to customers. The above tests can be conducted at reputed third-party internationally accredited labs such as TUV, Intertek, CFTRI and many more labs in India. One such report is attached as an example by N9 World Technologies.

7 Market products with silver additives-some examples TATA Swach The Tata Swach Non-electric purifiers use patented "Silver Nanotechnology" for purification, which provides pure water without using electricity, and harmful chemicals. With minimum maintenance cost, Tata Swach offers its customers the most economical and efficient range of purifiers. Cello Water Bottles Cello bacto guard drinking water bottles uses the antimicrobial technology that protects water from bacteria keeping it safe for the user and also the environment. The technology helps plastics to continuously combat bacteria and keep up the quality of drinking water. Adani Wilmer Vivo oil storage cans contain N9-silver for preservation of packing container and to protect the plastic and oil interface from growth of bacteria.

8 Carrier Midea Water purifiers uses N9-silver treated storage tanks for drinking water collection and safe storage. The water stays fresher for longer when stored in silver treated tanks compared to untreated filter tanks. Premsons Uses Silver based Antibacterial technology for Water Bottles. These specialty treated bottles keeps the surface more hygienic & safer thus improving and maintaining the overall hygiene levels of the bottle. RishabhPlast Uses water bottles treated with N9 Plastix TM Pure Silver Technology, that helps neutralise greater than 99% bacteria on the surface of the plastic keeping the surface more hygienic & safer

9 NANI Hunger Box 2.0 uses a specially treated N9 Plastix TM - Pure Silver Technology that keeps the lunch box free from harmful bacteria and protects the migration of harmful microbes into the food and liquids that are in constant contact Diercon Diercon Water bottle filters uses Highclass Antibacterial Activated Carbon with Silver Ions. Bento Lunch containers Uses silver ion that is blended with the product, it is preeminent for an antibacterial action. It is the specification that ensures the freshness of foods stored in them.

10 Conclusions Considering WHO standards and EPA recommendation of direct dose of 50 PPB* of silver into drinking water for disinfection purposes. Further, various published in vitro & in vivo studies of silver show minimal toxicity at realistic exposure scenarios. As such it seems unlikely to cause harm to humans even if it is directly used for drinking-water treatment as per EPA guideline. The present treatment recommended by N9 World Technologies is a nonleaching technology as tested by migration tests and therefore it is recommended for use in water preservation and storage applications. *

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12 N9 World Technologies Pvt Ltd Plot No.53-57, IVth Phase, KIADB Industrial Area, Yerandahalli, Off Jigani Road, Bommasandra, Bangalore, India Mob: / Tel: / 241 Disclaimer: N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd. warrants that its products will conform to N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd. s specifications. N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd and its related companies assumes no responsibility or liability for the information contained in this document. N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd. will not be responsible for incidental or consequential damages of any kind or any liability or obligation for the information presented in this document. It is the user s responsibility to determine the suitability of use and whether the products and the information contained in this document are appropriate. The regulatory landscape across the globe is fast changing and applicable laws and usage conditions may differ from one country to another and may vary with time. The user is responsible for determining whether products, services and the information in this document are appropriate for their use. Do ensure that the workplace and disposal practices comply with applicable rules and other government acts. The claims made on articles that are treated with products of N9WTPL may not be approved for use in all countries and hence customers are requested to contact N9WTPL before making any claims by using this product. The product shown in this document may not be available for sale and/or available in all countries where N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is represented. References to N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd. or the Company mean the legal entity: N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd. which would sell the products to the user unless otherwise expressly noted. No warranties are given; all implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a specific purpose are expressly excluded. Use antibacterial products safely. Read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), Label and Product Information before use