EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN TRANSPORTATION VENKI RAMAN ALLENTOWN, PA APRIL 15, 1997

Transcription

1 EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN IN CLEAN TRANSPORTATION VENKI RAMAN ALLENTOWN, PA APRIL 15,

2 PRESENTATION OUTLINE TRANSITIONS IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL HYDROGEN ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS HYDROGEN TRANSPORTATION PROGRAMS HYDROGEN FUEL SUPPLY OPTIONS EVOLUTION OF HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE 2

3 TRANSITIONS IN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS FUELS NATURAL OIL HYDROGEN GAS PROPULSION SYSTEMS IC ENGINES ELECTRIC MOTORS NEW FUELS + NEW ENGINES = CLEAN SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION 3

4 SHIFT TO FUELS WITH LESS CARBON WOOD COAL OIL NG H2 % H2 ENERGY MBTU/LB 4

5 MAJOR INTERNATIONAL HYDROGEN PROJECTS 30 COUNTRIES ACTIVE IN H 2 R&D JAPAN - $ 2 BILLION WE-NET PROJECT GERMANY- LEADER IN H 2 VEHICLE APPLICATIONS U.S. - FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY CANADA - EURO QUEBEC HYDRO H 2 PROGRAM 5

6 6 JAPAN S - WE-NET CONCEPT

7 GERMAN HYDROGEN VEHICLES LONG HISTORY OF HYDROGEN VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT FIRST PATENT FOR H 2 /DIESEL ENGINE DAIMLER-BENZ ACTIVE IN H 2 IC ENGINES SINCE 1970s THREE EFFORTS UNDERWAY IC ENGINE BUSES FUEL CELL CAR LIQUID HYDROGEN TRANSPORT PLANE 7

8 8 MERCEDES-BENZ FUEL CELL CAR

9 German-Russian Cryoplane Project TEAM LED BY DAIMLER-BENZ AEROSPACE LIQUID HYDROGEN FUELED AIRBUS ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE SMALL DORNIER COMMUTER AIRCRAFT BY

10 10 GERMAN HYDROGEN VEHICLES BMW DEVELOPING LIQUID H 2 CARS SINCE 1979 DUAL-FUELED CARS - LH 2 & GASOLINE ADVANCES IN LH 2 STORAGE & FUELING SYSTEMS REDUCED FILL TIME FROM 60 MIN. TO 3 MIN. ELIMINATED REFUELING VAPORIZATION LOSSES FIRST LH 2 BUS IN REGULAR SERVICE - APRIL 1996 STATE OF BAVARIA IS MAJOR DRIVING FORCE BEHIND HYDROGEN TRANSPORTATION.

11 11 LIQUID HYDROGEN BUS - BAVARIA IN REGULAR TRANSIT SERVICE SINCE APRIL 1996 IC ENGINE - RUNS ON GASOLINE AND HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VERSION UNDER DEVELOPMENT

12 12 VEHICLE PROJECTS IN JAPAN MUSASHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - TOKYO PIONEERED LH 2 POWERED VEHICLES SINCE PROTOTYPE VEHICLES DEVELOPED LH 2 PUMPS AND FUEL DELIVERY COMPONENTS MAZDA HYDROGEN CARS BASED ON ROTARY ENGINE TOYOTA UNVEILED HYDROGEN FUEL CELL SPORT UTILITY VEHICLE IN 1997 WORKING ON METHANOL REFORMER FOR ONBOARD H 2 PRODUCTION.

13 13 TOYOTA FUEL CELL CAR

14 14 U.S. HYDROGEN PROGRAMS DOE - HYDROGEN ENERGY R&D SINCE EARLY 1970s BASIC RESEARCH THROUGH 1980s MAJOR GROWTH SINCE DEVELOPMENT & DEMONSTRATION HYDROGEN FUTURES ACT AUTHORIZED $ 150 MILLION PROGRAM ABOUT $ 100 MILLION IN FUEL CELL R&D HYDROGEN PROGRAMS SPONSORED BY SEVERAL STATES NY CA, NY, CO, IL PA

15 15 HYTHANE R - ULTRA CLEAN FUEL VOL% H 2 BLEND IN NATURAL GAS IC ENGINES REDUCES CO & NO X EMISSIONS BY 50% CAN BUILD ON GROWING CNG USE MAJOR EMISSIONS BENEFIT FOR SMALL INCREMENTAL COST HYTHANE FUEL STATION ERIE, PA

16 16 HYTHANE BUS DEMO - MONTREAL TWO 40 PASSENGER BUSES KM RANGE 1 YEAR IN NORMAL TRANSIT SERVICE

17 17 H 2 FUEL HYBRID ELECTRIC BUS - ATLANTA SMALL H 2 IC ENGINE OPERATES AT OPTIMUM EFFICIENCY DRIVES ELECTRIC GENERATOR TO POWER ELECTRIC MOTOR H 2 STORED AS METAL HYDRIDE

18 18 U.S. FUEL CELL VEHICLE DEVELOPMENTS MAIN FOCUS OF U.S. VEHICLE PROGRAM FORD, CHRYSLER, AND GENERAL MOTORS - DEVELOPING FUEL CELL PASSENGER CARS TWO OPTIONS FOR HYDROGEN FUEL HYDROGEN ON-BOARD STORAGE ON-BOARD REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS

19 19 BALLARD FUEL CELL BUSES DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS STARTING SUMMER 1997 CHICAGO & VANCOUVER

20 20 HYDROGEN FUEL SUPPLY CURRENT INDUSTRIAL H 2 INFRASTRUCTURE COULD BE ADAPTED TO SUPPLY FUEL MARKETS. PRODUCTION IS 1% OF WORLD ENERGY DEMAND WELL DEVELOPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF HYDROGEN FROM CENTRAL PLANTS TO END USERS HYDROGEN PRODUCERS WORKING WITH VEHICLE DEVELOPERS TO BUILD REFUELING SYSTEMS STANDARDS FOR FUELING STATIONS AND STORAGE BEING DEVELOPED.

21 21 HYDROGEN FUELING INFRASTRUCTURE LARGE SCALE REMOTE LH 2 PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY TO STATIONS 500 MILES AWAY. LARGE SCALE GH 2 AND PIPELINE SUPPLY TO STATIONS WITHIN 30 MILE RADIUS. ON-SITE PRODUCTION OF GH 2 IN SMALL PLANTS AT FUEL STATION.

22 22 LIQUID HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AT REMOTE PLANTS FUELING STATION FUELING STATION FUELING STATION NATURAL GAS ELECTRIC POWER TONS/DAY LIQUID HYDROGEN PLANT LH TANKER 2 FUELING STATION FUELING STATION FUELING STATION FUELING STATION 500 CARS/DAY

23 HYDROGEN FUELING STATION LH TANK 2 VAPORIZER GH PSI LH TANKER 2 LH PUMP FUELING BAYS

24 24 INFRASTRUCTURE STUDY - RESULTS HYDROGEN $1-2 PER LB. IS 2-3X GASOLINE COST. FUEL CELL CAR HAS 2-3X BETTER FUEL ECONOMY THAN GASOLINE ICE CAR. HYDROGEN EQUIVALENT IN COST TO GASOLINE PER MILE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT PROVIDES EXTRA INCENTIVE TO MAKE CHANGE

25 25 INFRASTRUCTURE EVOLUTION INFRASTRUCTURE WILL BE BUILT UP IN STEPS WITH GROWING PUBLIC ADOPTION OF HYDROGEN VEHICLES INITIALLY VIA MERCHANT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TUBE TRAILERS UP TO 20 CARS/DAY LIQUID TANKERS UP TO 500 CARS/DAY NEXT SMALL ON-SITE REFORMERS BACKED UP VIA LH 2. TO SUPPORT SEVERAL THOUSAND CARS. AS MARKET GROWS TO THOUSAND CARS - SUPPLIED BY LARGE REGIONAL REFORMER VIA PIPELINE.

26 26 INFRASTRUCTURE EVOLUTION (Continued) WHERE MERCHANT H 2 IS NOT READILY AVAILABLE SMALL ON-SITE PLANTS WOULD BE BUILT. DEVELOPMENTS IN SMALL REFORMERS MAY RESULT IN LOWERING THE ECONOMIC SIZE FOR ON-SITE PLANTS. AFTER HYDROGEN FUEL INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESTABLISHED, CHANGE FROM FOSSIL ENERGY TO RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES CAN OCCUR.