Calcium Looping Post Combustion CO 2 Capture: A promising technology for emission free cement production

Transcription

1 Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology Prof. Dr. techn. G. Scheffknecht Calcium Looping Post Combustion CO 2 Capture: A promising technology for emission free cement production M. Hornberger, H. Dieter, G. Scheffknecht The 6 th High Temperature Solid Looping Cycles Network Meeting, September 1 st, 2015, Milan

2 Expertise in Lime based Fluidized Bed Processes 20 kw th electrically heated DFB System 5 kw th electrically heated FB batch System Fluidized Bed Processes Calcium Looping (CaL) Chemical Looping (CLC) Oxy-fuel CFB Sorption enhanced reforming (SER) Oxy-fuel SER Fuels Biomass Waste Lignite / Coal Measurement techniques Sorbent Characterization (TGA) Online gas analysis: CO 2, CO, O 2, H 2, CH 4, SO x, NO x Non-condensable HC: GC Tar: wet chemical & online (FID) H 2 S, HCl, NH 3 : wet chemical 200 kw th DFB Pilot Facility 2

3 Calcium Looping Post Combustion CCS CO 2 -lean CO 2 to Storage G 2 CO 2 Conditioning G 1 Steam Generator Power Plant Flue Gas Carbonator T = 650 C CO 2 + CaO CaCO 3 + Heat CaL Steam Generator CaCO 3 CaO Calciner T = 900 C CO 2 -rich CaCO 3 + Heat CO 2 + CaO Make-up Limestone Air Coal Purge O 2 Coal retrofitting to existing facilities Air ASU N 2 low CO 2 separation cost low efficiency penalty 3

4 Calcium Looping Post Combustion CCS General conditions Looping Ratio: 2-10 Make-up Ratio: < 0,1-0,4 Temperature Steam Cycle T Calciner : C T Carbonator : C Flue gas Steam Cycle CO 2 lean CO 2 rich Gas CO 2 : ~ 15 % Fuel Air FB Carobnator FB Calciner Fuel O 2 CaCO 3 Ash Purge 4

5 Calcium Looping Pilot Plant (200 kw th ) Operation Conditions Load: kw th CO 2 -lean CO 2 -rich Gas reci. Sorbent Looping Ratio: 3-13 mol CaO /mol CO2 Total Solid Inventory: kg CaO/CaCO 3 CaCO 3 CaO O 2 O 2 + reci. O 2 + reci. Flue Gas O 2 + reci. 5

6 CO 2 Conc. [vol-%] CO 2 Capture [%] Temperature [ C] Operational Results Carbonator Over 90% capture efficiency achieved over a wide range of operating conditions T Regenerator T Carbonator E CO2 y CO2, in 5 y CO2,out 0 8:05 9:05 10:05 11:05 12:05 13:05 6

7 Operational Results Oxy-fuel Calcination 7

8 8 Operational Results Oxy-fuel Calcination High inlet oxygen concentrations (> 50 vol.-%,dry) possible lower recirculation rates for oxy- CaL calcination (additional CO 2 from calcination) lower humidity of CaL flue gas uniform isothermal conditions

9 Calcium Looping Pilot Plant (200 kw th ) Operation Conditions Load: kw th CO 2 -lean CO 2 -rich Gas reci. Sorbent Looping Ratio: 3-13 mol CaO /mol CO2 Total Solid Inventory: kg CaO/CaCO 3 CaCO 3 CaO O 2 Carbonator CO 2 capture efficiency above 90 % Calciner CO 2 outlet concentrations above 90 vol.-%,dry Inlet O 2 concentrations above 50 vol.-%,dry Excess O 2 outlet concentration below 3 vol.-%,dry Flue Gas O 2 + reci. O 2 + reci. O 2 + reci. 9

10 Cement Plant Clinker Production and Properties Marl / Clay Limestone Additive clinker composition CaO: % SiO 2 : % Mill Al 2 O 3 : 2-6 % Fe 2 O 3 : 0-6 % Raw Meal structural change at 1400 C (rotary kiln) Preheater Fuel CaO + SiO 2 (CaO) 3 SiO 2 & (CaO) 2 SiO 2 flue gas composition Fuel Preparation high CO 2 concentration ~ 30 % Precalciner Rotary Kiln Cooler Clinker Air 10

11 Cement Plant CaL Integration synergy effect between cement plant and CaL-process General conditions Looping Ratio: 2-4 Make-up Ratio: > 1 Flue gas CO 2 : % CO 2 lean CO 2 rich Gas Clinker Cooler Fuel Fuel Preparation Rotary Kiln Preheater Precalciner Raw Meal Marl / Clay Additive FB Carobnator CaO FB Calciner Fuel O 2 CaCO 3 Air 11

12 Summary Calcium looping for power plant application demonstrated at pilot plant scale CO 2 capture efficiency over 90 % CO 2 concentrations over 90 % Feasibility for cement plant application will be investigated at pilot plant scale Effect of high CO 2 flue gas concentration Influence of make-up ratio, sorbent looping ratio Optimal operation conditions 12

13 Thank you for your interest! Any Questions? Contact: Hornberger Matthias Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology, University of Stuttgart 12

14 Extra Slides 14

15 Operational Results Hydrodynamics stable hydrodynamic conditions 15

16 Equilibrium CO 2 Concentration [vol.-%] Equilbrium: CaO + CO 2 CaCO Oxyfuel CO 2 Concentration 10 Carbonation CaO + CO 2 CaCO 3 Outlet CO 2 Conc. for 90% Capture Calcination CaCO 3 CaO + CO Temperature [ C] MaxT Carbonator Min T Regenerator 16

17 Operational Results Oxy-fuel Calcination 7

18 Cement CaL Integration synergy effect between cement plant and CaL-process General conditions Looping Ratio: 2-4 MakeUp Ratio: > 1 Flue gas CO 2 : % CO 2 lean CO 2 rich Gas Clinker Cooler Fuel Fuel Preparation Rotaty Kiln Preheater Precalciner Raw Meal Marl / Clay Additive FB Carobnator Limestone CaO FB Calciner Fuel O 2 CaCO 3 Air 11

19 Operational Results Oxy-fuel Calcination 7