IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute

Transcription

1 IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Borlänge Energy Ronny Arnberg

2 Important success factors Waste management is a public service Clear division of roles and responsibilities Clear national environmental targets showing the direction and long-term regulations and economical steering instruments Co-operation between municipalities Collaboration between public and private sectors Holistic system view- an integrated part of the sustinable city Co-operation within municipalites (Waste-, Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc departements) A system based on source separation with focus on communication and public engagement A system based on resource recovery

3 Plans, regulators, permissions and supervision National level Parliament National environmental targets The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency National waste plan Produces national legislation and guidelines National environmental courts (5 plus one superior): Gives permissions to larger treatment plants Regional level (21 counties) County Administrative Board - government authority: Regional environmental targets Permissions and control for most treatment plants Supervision of the regional treatment capacity Municipal level (290 municipalities) Municipal authorithies: Local environmental targets Local waste plans and regulations Permissions and control of smaller treatment plants

4 Clear division of roles and responsibilities Municipalities: Collection and treatment of municipal waste Producers: Collection and treatment of waste within the Producers Responsibility Citizens/households: Separation and leave/transport waste at indicated collection points Companies/Indust ries: Handling of own generated waste

5 Clear division of roles and responsibilities Responsibility Implementation and operation Municipalities Citizens/hous eholds Producers Companies /Industries Private and public waste management sector Knowledge- and Equipment supply Treatment- and Collection services

6 Waste prevention Long tradition of reuse through flea markets, second hand, collection at recycling parks, etc Deposit fee system for bevarage containers/bottles Focus waste for prevention in Sweden: Foodwaste, textiles, electronical and demolition Largest challenge: decoupling between generated waste and economic growth

7 Resource recovery focus Quality Source separation

8 Resource recovery focus Quality Secure handling of hazardous waste Source separation

9 Infrastructure Collection of waste from households based on source separation Curb side collection unmanned recycling drop-off stations 630 manned drop-off recycling centers Treatment and recycling of waste based on the character of the waste About 70 organic waste facilities (composting and digestion plants) 32 waste to energy plants About 75 landfills (household waste landfilled in 47 plants)

10 Collection Collection of waste from households based on source separation Curbside collection for combustible and food waste (and sometimes packaging and paper) unmanned recycling drop-off stations for for packaging and paper 630 manned drop-off recycling centers for bulky, electronical and hazardous waste Various solutions for hazardous waste collection

11 Recycling centers

12 Waste - a resource Treatment of household waste in Sweden, 2013 (%) and the resources produced from it Material recycling Biological recycling Energy recovery Landfill

13 Waste hierarchy

14 Unique results Material recycling Biological recycling Energy recovery Landfill Sweden 2010 EU 2010 USA 2010

15 Towards zero landfilling - a 40 years perspective

16 Clear national targets and long-term regulations and economical steering instruments Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes) % Producers responsibility introduced Landfill tax introduced Ban on landfill of combustible waste Municipal waste planning compulsory Ban on landfill of organic waste National target on food waste recycling 0

17 Owner-ship of waste incinerators Municipally owned plant Co-owned regional waste company (2 out of 36) Full-owned energy company Full-owned multi-utility company Privatly owned plant (4,5 out of 36)

18 Overview model Housholds or companies Waste prevention New products: Biogas, new materials, district heating, electricity, bio-fertilizer Collection and transport Recycling stations Recycling centers Curbside collection Materialrecycling Biological recycling Energy recovery Landfill

19 Public awarness - a success factor Key messages and tools for motivation and to facilitate collaboration: Communication Development of self instructive systems Feed back of the results and that what I do matters Emphasize on the waste holders responsibility and participation

20 Communication Invite direct green groups Invite media and politicals Invite neighbors Start education to important groups, like gasolinestations and supermarket staff School in all classes

21 Infrastructure Treatment and recycling of waste based on the character of the waste About 70 organic waste facilities (composting and digestion plants) 36 waste to energy plants About 70 landfills

22 Energy recovery of waste 36 plants: Receiving tonnes yearly Recovering yearly totally tonnes of which tonnes municipal waste Gate fee approx Euro/tonnes (average 50 Euro)

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24 Improvement Particulates tons/year Hydrogen chloride tons/year Sulphur tons/year Nitrogen oxides tons/year Mercury kg/year Cadmium kg/year Lead kg/year Dioxins g/year ,3 % 8, ,8 % 3, ,1 % 3,400 1,707 49,8 % 3, ,9 % ,8 % 25, ,8 % ,2 %

25 Clean waste incineration Most emissions decreased with % since 1985: Strict emission regulations Fee on NOx (nitrooxygen)

26 Dioxins Millennial celebrations Environment Agency estimates that during the Millennial celebrations in London the emissions from one 15 minute, 35 tons of firework display equalled 120 years of dioxin emissions from one medium sized waste incinerator

27 Borlänge Energy WTE Plant Production electricity/heat 7 / 23 MW Based on biomass and waste ton New environmental permit 2006 BE take over January 2009 Calculated investment 55 million Euro Construct/build by 6 main contracts/entrepreneurs

28 Localisation

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30 Waste economy Municipal waste: All costs covered by municipal waste fees (not by taxes) The fee is decided by each municipal board Non-profit Allowed to be differentiated to encourage source separation for recycling Municipal waste within producers responsibility: Costs covered by a fee added to the price of every product The fee is decided by the producers

31 Waste fee Average yearly fee per household 2011: Houses: 211 EUR Appartments: 135 EUR Average daily fee per household

32 Costs for municipal waste management Administration and information Curb side 14% collection, bulky waste 1% Others 4% Curb side collection, residual waste 31% Recycling centers, including hazardous waste 28% Treatment, residual waste 22% Cost for municipal waste management, 2010, average

33 Avfall Sverige s vision Zero waste! Long-term goals until 2020: Decoupling between generated waste and economic growth Strong upward movement in waste hierarchy Economic growth Generated waste BN P

34 Important» 0,5 % of household waste is Hazardous Waste» Can give up to 90 % of the environmental impact.» Try find a good system for manage this and you have solved a lot of problems.

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37 Waste To Energy in Sweden Base in Swedish Treatment Capacity Worldleader Number of facilities (40, today) Design experience / competence Construction Operation Maintenance

38 WTE Team Sweden / Europe IVL (in cooperation with Swedish Municipalities) Pre Feasibility Studies (ESIAs) Environmental and Social Impact Assessments Environmental permit Design Capacity Building, Education

39 WTE Team Sweden / Europe Sweco, AF, WSP Consultants engineers Work in all sectors WTE Team Bankable Feasibility Studies Technical Assistance, Design, etc Civil Works Etc

40 WTE Team Sweden / Europe Völund Denmark One of the world s leading turnkey EPC contractors and suppliers of equipment and technologies for waste-toenergy plants W2E plant, 500 worldwide

41 WTE Team Sweden / Europe Valmet Finland Turnkey EPC contractor Energy plants all over the world

42 WTE Team Sweden / Europe Investment Average Investment and Capacity MW / Ton/Day (just the plant no Infrastructure roads, land, etc) 30MW ~40 million Euro ~ 250 t/d 60MW ~50 million Euro ~ 500 t/d 100MW ~80 million Euro ~1000 t/d Project time 4-6 years Gate Fee Average in Sweden Euro/t

43 In and out 100 MW WTE plant 63 MW 27 MW 10 MW NH 3 3 t/day Water, lime 1 t/h 100 MW 35 t/h 5 t/h 1 t/h

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45 Energy recovery of waste

46 Thank You IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Borlänge Energy Ronny Arnberg