Crystall Electrostatic Filtering Solution

Transcription

1 Vs Crystall Electrostatic Filtering Solution Energy Efficiency Contribution Zacharias Hadjigeorgiou Mech. Engr. (Technical manager of HeatFlow Group)

2 Electrostatic Vs Mechanical filter Features In the air filtering process, in addition to the type of pollutant to be removed, one needs to consider the shape, the size, the specific weight of the particles, the electrical properties of the powders as well as the speed of the air flow. The air filters are classified according to their characteristic of retention and separation related to the particles and / or powders present in the air that passes through them. Mechanical Filter Made by mineral or synthetic fibers Filtration classes based on the level of particles collection efficiency (classes G, E, F, HEPA and ULPA) Filtration efficiency proportional to pressure drop (low efficiency with new filter) High energy consumption Proliferative source of microbiological load Maintenance and waste disposal cost Low production cost Electrostatic / Electronic Filter Made by aluminum Possibility to simultaneously treat different nature and size of contaminants Filtration classes based on average collection efficiency (classes A, B, C, D) High level of filtration (even with new filter) Negligible pressure drop (even with dirty filter) Very low energy consumption Demonstrated bactericidal action (IAQ compliance) Low maintenance cost (easy cleaning) Almost unlimited life cycle Higher Production cost 10/05/017 of 1

3 Electrostatic filtration Basic principle An electrostatic or electronic filter is a filtering system which allows the separation of the incoming air flow from the polluting particles. The particles can be either solid or liquid. The system, thanks to electrical tension potential difference between the emission electrodes and the collector section, separates the pollutant particles from the air that flows through the electrodes. This results in an air flow which is free of contaminants. An electrostatic filtration system consists mainly of: Polarization or active section made by filiform emission electrodes Collecting or passive section made by aluminum plates Power supply unit to generate the required high level of tension The application field of an electrostatic filtering system used to be the industrial one but this is not the case any more since we have applications even in residential equipment. There are manufacturers which are offering electrostatic filtering even in the FCU terminal devices. 10/05/017 3 of 1

4 Electrostatic filter The electrostatic filter is based on FEMEC technology (Electrostatic filter with extruded modules components) designed to improve the already positive characteristics of electrostatic filtration plates. The electrostatic filter is made of aluminum modular cells that consists of two separate sections: An active or polarization section secured to the holding structure, containing tungsten electrodes subject to a high electric voltage A passive with induced anode or collector section made by aluminum plates which allow to obtain an electrical field without applying an additional power supply, thereby ensuring the cells release for maintenance purpose (cleaning) 10/05/017 4 of 1

5 Benefits of Electrostatic filtration High filtration efficiency (> 97%) even with new filter Nano particles filtration capability (> 0,01 µm) Negligible pressure drop (< 30 Pa) even with dirty filter resulting in energy saving Demonstrated bactericidal action resulting in reduction of the Sick building Syndrome cause Smooth time performance Easy and cheap maintenance Very low power consumption Multiple application thanks to a small footprint (terminal units, duct solution) Compliance to standard UNI 1154:007 Technologically sustainable solution 10/05/017 5 of 1

6 Electrostatic filtration Italian standard UNI 1154 The standard applies to air filters intended for ventilation, functioning by means of one or more electrostatic fields actively applied through a power source. The standard deals with the classification of a filter according to the average efficiency values against particles with diameter of 0.4 μm, the full description of the test circuit, the test method and the qualifying procedure. The standard provides the following classification based on the average efficiency and pressure drop after releasing 600 gr. of DEHS (diethylhexylsebacate ) synthetic dust Electrostatic filters for terminal units (fancoils and cassettes) > Class DPE Electrostatic filters for > Class BPE 10/05/017 6 of 1

7 Electrostatic filtration Effect on microbiological contaminants The University of Ancona (Department of Materials and Environmental Engineering and Physics) conducted a study focusing on bacterial control through the removal and attenuation of viability by means of a electrostatic filter inserted on a ductwork of air conditioning system. Methodology Testing: total bacteria load determination in colony forming unit per cubic meter (cfu/m 3 ) Culture medium: PCA (Plate Count Agar) Dishes: rodac Equipment: SAS (Surface Air System) Active sampler for plate count method Aerosols: Laser particle counter for total aerosol count Results (*) Remove efficiently most of the total particle load in the airflow including the viable cells Average removal of 88% verified through statistical comparison and through direct filter inlet/outlet counting of biological contamination using either natural atmospheric particulates or a synthetic aerosol generated from E. coli culture Demonstrated a bactericidal effect of the applied electric field putting the E. coli bacteria direct on the discharge electrode surfaces with a result of reduced bacteria growth in presence of electric field Despite to other filtering system, the electrostatic solution prevents the proliferation of the bacteria already captured in the filter avoiding any redispersion into the air conditioning The above study has been also published by Indoor and Built Environment (**) journal that publishes research on any topic pertaining to the quality of the indoor and built environment (*) Publication Nr.15 of March 9, 000 (prot. 78 of November 4, 011) issued by the University of Ancona (**) Entire article available online at (Vol. 13 Issue 4 August 004) 10/05/017 7 of 1

8 Electrostatic Filtration The electrostatic filter is an unique filtering solution and it can be applied both on Air Handling Units and Terminal Units, significantly improving the indoor air quality, reducing the energy consumption without compromising thermal performance. Application for new or exiting s Reduction of energy consumption proportional to the filtration level already installed and/or required by standard (typical for existing plant) High level of filtering efficiency (Class UNI 1154 Average Efficiency 97%) Raising the indoor air levels quality treated Active barrier against the microbiological contaminants Possible reduction of the outside air flow to the minimum permitted by the European standard if combined with terminal units equipped with the same high level efficiency filtration (new plant or refurbish of existing ones) Freely modular filter modules available to fit with the mechanical standard filters Modules Available for either side extraction or front inspection Application for Terminal Units Innovative and patented solution for new FCUs exist to ensure an high level of filtering efficiency on terminal units (Class UNI 1154 comparable with UNI 779 Average Efficiency 85%) Raising the secondary air level quality in the indoor environment Active barrier against the microbiological contaminants 10/05/017 8 of 1

9 Electrostatic filtration Energy efficiency The air filter energy consumption (E) can be easily estimated by knowing the average value of the pressure drop shown during the operational life. E Q P T η energy consumption (kwh) air flow (m 3 /s) average pressure drop of the filter during life time (Pa) operation time (h) efficiency of the fan As can be seen from the above formula, the energy consumption is directly proportional to the pressure drop. Hence the higher the average ΔP the higher the energy consumption due to filtering system Mechanical filter (i.e. F9) Initial pressure drop (Pa) Final pressure drop (Pa) Average pressure drop (Pa) Energy consumption (Wh) Annual energy consumption (kwh) > (*) 300 (**) 375 (***) < 1.50(****) (Eurovent filter class F9) Electrostatic filter (i.e. BPE) from 8 to 13 < 30 (*) ~ 0 5 (***) (power supply consumption included) 54 (****) (power supply consumption included) (*) Standard EN 779:01 for mechanical filter / Standard UNI 1154:007 for electrostatic filter (**) Standard EN 13053:006+A011 (***) Energy consumption (E) in KWh with an air volume flow rate (Q) of 1 m 3 /s, a fan efficiency (η) of 0,8 and an operating time (T) of 1 hour (****) Energy consumption (E) in kwh calculate on according to the Eurovent energy efficiency rating with an air volume flow rate (Q) of m 3 /s, a pressure drop corresponding to the average value above indicated (only for electrostatic filter), a fan efficiency (η) of 0,5 and an operating time (T) of 6000 hours European directives require that the public and commercial buildings to improve their energy efficiency and to reduce environmental impact because the energy costs grow steadily in all countries. 10/05/017 9 of 1

10 Electrostatic Vs Mechanical filter Technical comparison Technical comparison between different filtration system Mechanical Filter Electrostatic Filter Typical Application Only Only Terminal Units Filter Class F8 F9 BPE DPE Dimension (W*H*D) 59*59*96 (mm) 59*59*100 (mm) 50 (*) (mm) Standard EN 779:01 UNI 1154:007 Average Efficiency (%) > Minimum Efficiency (%) Final pressure drop (Pa) 450 Pa < 30 Pa < 30 Pa Average pressure drop (Pa) 300 Pa ~ 0 Pa ~ 4 Pa Eurovent (**) Energy Efficiency Rating (kwh) A+ < 800 < 1000 < 150 A > 800 < 950 > 1000 < 100 > 150 < 1450 B > 950 < 100 > 100 > 1500 > 1450 < Regeneability None Yes Yes Waste Management Special waste N.A. N.A. Maintenance Replacement and Disposal Washing Washing Microbiological contaminants risk High Very low (bactericidal action) Very low (bactericidal action) (*) Width and height may vary based on terminal unit size (**) Eurovent guideline 4/11 (Energy label is set up by filter class) 10/05/ of 1

11 Air Quality Under the principle of the human right to health, everyone has the right to breathe healthy indoor air (*) WHO (**) guidelines has already published the thresholds limit for the dangerous internal pollutants on which the European standards are referring to The human right to health pass through the respect of the above mentioned WHO thresholds limit Monitoring and improving Air Quality is already part of the European governments legislation Energy The human right to health together the respect of thresholds limit increase the energy costs Energy costs grow steadily in all countries Energy costs of air filters in the total system is approximately 30% or more Utilizing an electrostatic filter means lowest pressure drop creates significant savings on energy bactericidal effect both on air flow and on filter deposit high filtration efficiency during entire operative life cycle negligible maintenance cost Sustainable solution for an health environment Electrostatic filtration Conclusion (*) The Right to Healthy Indoor Air Report on WHO meeting 1517 May 000 (**) World Health Organization 10/05/ of 1

12 Economic evaluation on energy savings achievable with the adoption of active electrostatic filters in place of mechanical fine filters used into A CASE STUDY FOR KINGS AVENUE MALL PAPHOS The purpose of the case study is to check the energy efficiency achieved by replacing the actual mechanical filtration system with an active electrostatic solution that is able to significant reduce the electrical consumption related to fan (lower pressure drop), improve filtration efficiency, reduce service operating cost all within in a full sustainability approach. The s are already with variable frequency drives which are maintaining constant air flow while the mechanical filters are becoming dirty. The s under study are equipped with mechanical media filter certified on class G4 (90 EN779:01) for the prefilters and on class (80 Em<90 EN779:01) for the fine filters that in the following tables are compared with the active electrostatic filters which certified on class BPE (95 Em<99 UNI1154:007). In addition to the important energy savings, the electrostatic filtration will provide means of an increased stability of the airflow during the time thank to the lower pressure drop between clean and dirty status filter. Unlike the mechanical filters that improve their filtration efficiency on increasing the pressure drop (low performance on new filter), the electrostatic filter gives its best efficiency clean or dirty regardless of deposited dust amount. Also, several industry studies have revealed that the electrostatic solution effectively prevents the proliferation of microbiological loads on deposited therefore increasing the quality of the air. 10/05/017 1 of 1

13 Economic evaluation on energy savings achievable with the adoption of active electrostatic filters in place of mechanical fine filters used into A CASE STUDY FOR KINGS AVENUE MALL PAPHOS It s clear that the excessive pressure drop on the mechanical filters necessarily would change the airflow, thermal performance and electrical consumption of the air handling units during their operative life. Furthermore, the negative effects will be much more severe without a timely maintenance. Regarding the latter point, it is important to highlight that mechanical filters cannot be cleaned or washed unlike the electrostatic filters (renewable with a simple cleaning), but must be replaced and disposed (classified as toxic waste harmful) properly following the relevant legislation. Therefore a yearly costs analysis that include energy consumption, operative and maintenance activities is required in order to choose the air filtration system to adopt. 10/05/ of 1

14 ENERGY REMARKS USING MECHNICAL FINE FILTERS (BAG) Technical specification of s Centrifugal fan with forward curved blades equipped with inverter Pre bug filter, classification G4 either with frontal or side inspection Main bug filter, classification with either frontal or side inspection Estimated energy consumption using the mechanical filters currently installed MECHNICAL FILTER ENERGY CONSUMPTION Run time Air flow Filter class Avarage Δp Fan efficiency mc/h EN 779:01 Pa ƞ Hours Days kwh/year FA01 FA FA03 FA04 FA05 FA FA07 FF01 FF FF03 FF04 FF05 FF FF07 FF08 GF01 GF GF03 GF Unit description TOTAL Consumption Note The average pressure drop (average Δp) above reported has been calculated using the value of 400 Pa to filter replacement The annual run time hours have been assumed for a total of 400 (typical retail store use destination) 10/05/ of 1

15 Estimated operative and maintenance costs using the mechanical filters currently installed Unit description MECHNICAL FILTER OPERATING COST and MAINTANANCE Air flow Consumption Electrical cost Maintanance Maintanance Cost Total cost mc/h kwh/year Euro/Year Annual replacements Euro/Year Euro/Year FA ,00 66, ,00 FA ,00 504,00 935,00 FA ,00 66, ,00 FA ,00 818, ,00 FA ,00 504,00 916,00 FA ,00 504, ,00 FA ,00 66,00 1.1,00 FF ,00 66, ,00 FF ,00 66, ,00 FF ,00 66, ,00 FF ,00 66, ,00 FF ,00 66, ,00 FF ,00 66, ,00 FF ,00 66, ,00 FF ,00 66, ,00 GF ,00 66, ,00 GF ,00 66, ,00 GF ,00 66, ,00 GF ,00 66, ,00 TOTAL , , ,00 Note The electrical cost has been calculated using the reference price of 0,14 Euro/kW (Eurostat 016 source) The maintenance costs include the filters purchasing, the disposal of the used ones and all the relevant activities 10/05/ of 1

16 ENERGY REMARKS USING ACTIVE ELECTROSTATIC FILTER Technical specification of s Centrifugal fan with forward curved blades equipped with inverter Pre bug filter, classification G4 either with frontal or side inspection (not subject to be replaced) Active electrostatic filter, classification BPE (95 Em<99 UNI 1154:007) with either frontal or side inspection (replace existing bag filter class ) Estimated energy consumption using the active electrostatic filter ELECTROSTATIC FILTER ENERGY CONSUMPTION Run time Air flow Filter class Avarage Δp Fan effciency mc/h UNI 1154:007 Pa ƞ Ore Giorni kwh/anno FA01 FA BPE BPE FA03 FA04 FA05 FA BPE BPE BPE BPE FA07 FF01 FF BPE BPE BPE FF03 FF04 FF05 FF BPE BPE BPE BPE FF07 FF08 GF01 GF BPE BPE BPE BPE GF03 GF BPE BPE Unit description TOTAL Consumption Note The electrical cost even include the power supply consumption necessary to power the electrostatic filters In order to take advantage of the energy savings resulting from the use of electrostatic filters, the presence of an inverter is required 10/05/ of 1

17 Estimated operative and maintenance costs using the active electrostatic filter Unit description ELECTROSTATIC FILTER OPERATING COST and MAINTANANCE Air flow Consumption Electrical cost Maintanance Maintanance Cost Total cost mc/h kwh/year Euro/Year Annual cleaning Euro/Year Euro/Year FA ,00 1 0,00 156,00 FA , ,00 9,00 FA ,00 1 0,00 18,00 FA ,00 1 5,00 5,00 FA , ,00 88,00 FA , ,00 104,00 FA ,00 1 0,00 115,00 FF ,00 1 0,00 58,00 FF ,00 1 0,00 9,00 FF ,00 1 0,00 160,00 FF ,00 1 0,00 103,00 FF ,00 1 0,00 144,00 FF ,00 1 0,00 104,00 FF ,00 1 0,00 178,00 FF ,00 1 0,00 139,00 GF ,00 1 0,00 170,00 GF ,00 1 0,00 36,00 GF ,00 1 0,00 33,00 GF ,00 1 0,00 1,00 TOTAL.668,00 370, ,00 Note The electrical cost has been calculated using the reference price of 0,14 Euro/kW The maintenance costs include only the cleaning activities of the filter packs 10/05/ of 1

18 RETROFIT ELECTROSTATIC FILTER Brief description of the solution This new solution features two separate and distinct sections, using different construction technology, each with its own functional purposes. The first section, defined as an active section or polarisation, is an integral part of the supporting structure and consists of threadlike tungsten emission electrodes, whose design ensures reliability and safety without using special, delicate and expensive materials (isolators). The second section, called a passive section with an induced or collection anode, consists of laminated aluminium profiles that are placed opposite to each other and suitably spaced out. They create an electric field without applying an additional power source, thus ensuring they can be removed for maintenance purposes (cleaning). Thanks to this technology, each area of the collector is autonomous, thus avoiding any accidental shortcircuits on one section that may affect the operation of the entire filter. The #active electrostatic filter is an exclusive solution designed to be applied on both air handling units and terminal units, significantly improving air quality and drastically reducing energy consumption without compromising thermal performance. The standard sizes, which match those used in the field of mechanical filters, and a limited depth of just 100 mm mean it can be easily used not only on new air handling units, but also on existing ones manufactured by Sabiana or other manufacturers. 10/05/ of 1

19 Filter sizing and investment evaluation The retrofit electrostatic filter match the same dimensional modularity and airflow of the mechanical filters ensuring a quick and easy replacement. In all the s subject to this analysis, the inspection and maintanance of the filter packs can be half either by front or side extraction. SIZING OF ELECTROSTATIC FILTER Air flow Power supply mc/h Q.ty Q.ty Q.ty Q.ty Q.ty Q.ty FA01 FA ,00 FA03 FA04 FA05 FA , , ,00 FA07 FF01 FF FF03 FF04 FF05 FF FF07 FF08 GF01 GF GF03 GF ,00 Unit description TOTAL Net Total Euro Note The above total amount does not include the dismantling of the existing mechanical filters, the installation activities and electric wiring for the new electrostatic sections 10/05/ of 1

20 RETURN ON INVESTMENT INVESTMENT ON EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION EXPENSES TOTAL RETROFIT COST SAVINGS PER YEAR RESULTED FROM THE INVESTMENT RETURN ON INVESTMENT 1. MONTHS 10/05/017 0 of 1

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