Historical Development of the Lake

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1 Climate Change and Renewable Energy Workshop D Reforestation, Biofuel & Culture, Landscape and lakes Lake Balaton, HUNGARY Gábor MOLNÁR, Zita EGERSZEGI Lake Balaton Development Coordination Agency 12th Living Lakes Conference, September , Perugia - Lake Trasimeno, Italy Historical Development of the Lake

2 Development as a recreational area (early 1900 s, mass tourism from 60 s) Environmental costs of the developments Narrowed natural fluctuation range of water level, Increased nutrient load to the lake (intensive fertiliser use in agriculture, lack of sewerage in built up areas) Land cover change (permitting land use change on lake shore, and the riparian zone) -> Degradation of water quality, loss of biodiversity

3 Spatial Development Plan of Balaton Lake Balaton Act Needed to tackle with increasing land use conflicts as a result of growing pressure for new land developments in early 90 s Sets and regulates land use zones, orientates developments, e.g. areas recommended for re-forestation Institutionalizing the plan, Local Structure Plans must be prepared (updated) based on the Act, and Shore Rehabilitation Plan must be incorporated to Municipal Structure Plans The Spatial Development Plan of Balaton was approved and enforced by the Act of the Parliament in the year of2000 Revision of the Act was done in 2008 Demaging use of the shore - reed belt degradation -

4 Shore Line Regulation Plan NEEDS Legal + ecological: Illegal land reclamation byshore plot owners, Cutting and filling paths to open water by individuals, Storing boats, and building stands in the reed belt, etc. Hydological: to improve water movement in the new/changed condition Areas recommendend for re-forestation

5 New and emerging issue : drop of water level 5 years accumulated precipitation deficit ( ) = 700 mm!! (annual average precipitation) Balaton Adaptation Project Lake Balaton Integrated Vulnerability Assessment, Early Warning and Adaptation Strategies General objectives Assess vulnerability Increase knowledge Build adaptive capacity Guide adaptation Disseminate results Target issues Water quality improvement Water quantity control Land use change Biodiversity conservation Demographics assessment

6 SWAT- Modelling scenarios: Climate - Land cover Partner in project DIVISION OF EARLY WARNING AND ASSESSMENT Example of outputs: SWAT - Predictions Scenario A2 Rate flows averaged over periods of 30 years: and Scenario B2 6

7 steps for better integration A trilateral agreement on the further utilization of the watershed modeling tool has been signed by the regional Water Authority, Water Research Institute and LBDCA. There is an ongoing discussion on how the model is to be used in developing the river basin management plan in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive. Biomass in the Lake Balaton region Total biomass energy Utilizable biomass energy 4.25 PJ/year 2.1 PJ/year Distribution of biomass resources Silviculture and wood processing byproducts and wastes 72 % Agricultural byproducts 19 % Reed and other wetland vegetation 5 % Viticulture and orchards byproducts 4 %

8 Biomass in the Lake Balaton region Total biomass energy Utilizable biomass energy 4.25 PJ/year 2.1 PJ/year Distribution of biomass resources Silviculture and wood processing byproducts and wastes 72 % Agricultural byproducts 19 % Reed and other wetland vegetation 5 % Viticulture and orchards byproducts 4 % Priority list of renewable energy utilization projects in the Lake Balaton region 1. BIOMASS Thermal utilization of silviculture byproducts 2. BIOMASS Thermal utilization of reed 3. BIOMASS Thermal utilization of viticulture and orchard byproducts 4. BIOMASS Biodiesel and bio-ethanol production 5. GEOTHERMAL Complex utilization in resort areas in West 6. GEOTHERMAL Complex utilization in resort areas in West 7. SOLAR Active utilization network at lake shore (PV and collector) 8. SOLAR Passive utilization (homes, institutions, tourism) 9. SOLAR Active utilization at remote areas 10. GEOTHERMAL Utilization in horticulture (green houses) 11. BIOMASS Biogas production in livestock farms and agriculture 12. WIND Multipurpose use (electricity, pumping, pond aeration)

9 Lake Balaton Partnership Program Solar collector do-it-yourself training Thank you for your kind attantion!