Quality parameters and sustainability of biomass pellets

Transcription

1 Quality parameters and sustainability of biomass pellets Margarida Gonçalves Environmental Biotechnology Unit Department of Science and Technology of the Biomass FCT-UNL Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

2 Sustainability and Energy in the European Union securing Europe s energy supplies; ensuring that energy prices do not make Europe less competitive; protecting the environment combating climate change; improving energy grids. Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

3 DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources Use of local energy sources Sustainable biofuel production Sustainable biofuels should not: Originate in biodiverse areas Create impacts of land-use change Forests and agricultural lands are considered biodiverse areas Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

4 How much bioenergy can Europe produce without harming the environment? Report No 7/2006 Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

5 How much bioenergy can Europe produce without harming the environment?

6 BioEnergy CO 2 Capture CO 2 Capture Biomass Soil Remediation Sustainability BioMaterials Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

7 The use of woody-biomass for heating buildings has significant advantages: Biomass resources can be considered renewable energy sources. The combustion of biomass does not contribute to a significant increase in CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere. Major contributions to global warming originate in the stages of production and transport of the pellets. Biomass use leads to a partial independence from fossil fuels and the corresponding savings in foreign exchange. Biomass use facilitates the creation of a stimulating farming and rural economy. Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

8 CO 2 emissions for various fuels Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

9 Prices and material equivalence for various fuels Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

10 . therefore in several European countries the number of residential heating systems which consume biomass has grown significantly the field during the last decade. Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

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12 Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

13 Sustainability of the forest ecosystems Deforestation - Bolívia Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

14 Sustainability of the forest ecosystems Population Growth Increasing needs of arable land Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

15 Balance Energy Production and Environmental Protection Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

16 Reduce direct use of wood for biofuel production and Increase the incorporation of biomass wastes Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

17 PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action 1.1. Assessment of the strutural diversity of forest habitats Residual Forestry Biomass in Algarve : a) potential use as solid biofuels b) extraction of valuable components Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

18 PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action 1.1. Residual Forestry Biomass in Algarve : potential use as solid biofuels 5 1 CICAE Biomass collection and transport FCT-UNL Task coordination Biomass collection and transport Biomass and pellet characterisation CMC Biomassa Pellet production IST-UTL Pellet combustion tests 1 5 CVR Acacia pellet production Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

19 Production of biomass pellets 1) Feedstock storage 2) Removal of undesirable impurities 3) Biomass drying 4) Biomass grinding 5) Pelletization 6) Cooling and sieving 7) Storage

20 PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action 1.1. Equipment used in the pelletization operations : a) milling unit ; b) pelletization unit ; c) press die ; d) pellet cooling reservoir Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

21 Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

22 Biomass Pellets PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action 1.1. Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries

23 PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action 1.1. Pellet Code Moisture (% w/w) Ash (% w/w, db) Bulk Density (Kg/m 3 ) Mechanical durability (% w/w) Amount of fines (% w/w) P1-100 % Pinus pinaster wood 7,1 1, ,9 0,3 P2-100% E. globulus branches 9,1 7, ,1 1,3 P3-100% P. pinaster branches 10,0 6, ,5 6,0 P4-100% C. ladanifer aerial part 8,7 6, ,9 0,4 P5-50% A. dealbata wood 7,5 0, ,2 1,1 P6-50% A. dealbata branches 2,6 1, ,5 2,4 P7-50% Lavandula aerial part 6,9 2, ,7 2,7 P8-50% mixed bushes 6,8 1, ,1 2,0 P9-50% A. dealbata wood + 50% Vitis vinifera prunnings 8,5 1, P10-25% E. globulus branches + 75% pine mix 7,8 5,6 712,0 88,9 5,6 P11-25% C. ladanifer aerial part + 75% pine mix 8,1 4,6 681,8 90,8 5,5 P12-50% A. dealbata wood + 50% pine mix P13-100% pine biomass mix 8,9 5,6 678,6 96,1 2,2 Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

24 PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action 1.1. Pellet Code Concentration (% w/w, dry basis) HHV 1 N C H S O P1-100 % Pinus pinaster wood < 0, ,5 P2-100% E. globulus branches 0,6 38,0 5,0 < 0,01 56,4 12,6 P3-100% P. pinaster branches 0,5 44,4 6,0 < 0,01 49,2 17,0 P4-100% C. ladanifer aerial part 0,4 39,5 5,2 < 0,01 54,9 13,5 P5-50% A. dealbata wood 0,3 46,2 6,5 < 0,01 47,0 18,7 P6-50% A. dealbata branches < 0, ,4 P7-50% Lavandula aerial part < 0, ,5 P8-50% mixed bushes < 0, ,5 P9-50% A. dealbata wood + 50% Vitis vinifera 0,5 47,2 6,35 < 0,01 46,0 18,9 P10-25% E. globulus branches + 75% pine mix 1,9 45,8 6,28 < 0,01 46,0 18,1 P11-25% C. ladanifer aerial part + 75% pine mix 2,1 44,5 5,85 < 0,01 46,0 17,1 P12-50% A. dealbata wood + 50% pine mix P13-100% pine biomass mix 2,2 44,1 5,97 < 0,01 47,8 16,9 Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

25 Particle Distribution(% w/w of total fines) PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P1-100 % Pinus pinaster wood P2-100% E. globulus branches P3-100% P. pinaster branches P4-100% C. ladanifer aerial part P5-50% A. dealbata wood P6-50% A. dealbata branches P7-50% Lavandula aerial part P8-50% mixed bushes Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

26 Carbon Monoxide concentration (ppm) PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action Combustion Tests Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

27 PM 10% O2) CO, NOx, HC (ppm dry 10% O2) PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action 1.1. Combustion Tests PM total CO NOx HC Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

28 PROFORBIOMED : WP4 - Pilot action 1.1. Pellet Production Highlights Forestry biomass can be used for pellet production and its inclusion may even benefit their mechanical durability and the heating value. The ash content may increase when certain species are included. Pellet production parameters and combustion conditions should be optimized in order to minimize the associated emissions. The use of biomasses with very different lignin content seemed to result in increased emissions probably because of different combustion behaviour. Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

29 PROJECT PROPELLET (QREN-INOVAÇÃO) Promotor: CMC Biomassa Forestry Wastes Solid Biofuels Urban Wastes Heating Value Emissions Sustainability Industrial Wastes Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

30 PROJECT PROPELLET (QREN-INOVAÇÃO) Promotor: CMC Biomassa Industrial Wastes Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

31 PROJECT PROPELLET (QREN-INOVAÇÃO) Promotor: CMC Biomassa Forestry Wastes Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

32 PROJECT PROPELLET (QREN-INOVAÇÃO) Promotor: CMC Biomassa Agro-industrial Wastes Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

33 PROJECT PROPELLET (QREN-INOVAÇÃO) Promotor: CMC Biomassa Urban Wastes 12 different species Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

34 PROJECT PROPELLET (QREN-INOVAÇÃO) Promotor: CMC Biomassa Sample Elemental Analysis N(%) C (%) H (%) S (%) O(%) Pine dust 3,74 0,04 46,86 0,16 5,75 0,01 0,00 0,00 43,65 Corck dust 0,56 0,21 45,20 0,29 5,31 0,03 0,00 0,00 48,93 Cistus ladanifer 0,49 0,06 46,59 0,06 6,20 0,06 0,00 0,00 46,72 Acacia 0,63 0,01 46,38 0,14 6,56 0,01 0,00 0,00 46,43 Olive pomace 1,00 0,01 36,49 0,12 7,57 0,03 0,00 0,00 54,94 Grape pomace 2,98 0,02 46,35 0,58 5,21 0,05 0,00 0,00 45,46 Peach tree prunnings 1,69 0,03 45,38 0,50 5,82 0,06 0,00 0,00 47,11 Prune tree prunnings 0,72 0,02 46,26 0,08 5,99 0,09 0,00 0,00 46,69 Olive tree prunnings 1,64 0,03 48,69 0,23 6,54 0,23 0,00 0,00 43,13 Eucalyptus 0,62 0,01 44,28 0,39 5,97 0,23 0,00 0,00 49,13 Casuarina equisetifolia 1,15 0,02 42,75 0,24 5,81 0,07 0,00 0,00 50,29 Acer negundo 2,45 0,01 42,45 0,06 6,10 0,08 0,00 0,00 49,00 Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

35 Highlights Our society produces large amounts of biomass wastes that could be converted in solid biofuels or biomaterials. The heterogeneous nature of those wastes requires their detailed characterization in order to decide the best possible use. The incorporation of wastes in the formulation of solid biofuels allows : diversification of raw materials reduction of costs protection of forest environments Reduction of the volumes of solids in waste management units Lignocellulosic Crops as Feedstock for Future Biorefineries,

36 Thanks to coleagues and co-workers Catarina Nobre, Benilde Mendes Unidade de Biotecnologia Ambiental, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, FCT-UNL Ulisses Fernandes, Mário Costa Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, IST-UTL Erika Santos, Inês Duarte, Joana Pacheco, Domitília Marques Centro de Investigação em Ciências do Ambiente e Empresariais Instituto Superior Dom Afonso III Maria Cândida Vilarinho, Jorge Araújo, José Carlos Teixeira Centro de Valorização de Resíduos, C2T Universidade do Minho and thank you for your attention