PNRA Safety Goals for Nuclear Installations

Transcription

1 PNRA Safety Goals for Nuclear Installations Shahid Rashid Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority Technical Meeting (TM) on Development of the IAEA Technical Document on the Development and Application of a Safety Goals Framework for Nuclear Installations July 08-12, 2013

2 Presentation layout Establishment of PNRA and its Aim Core Functions of PNRA PNRA Mission Statement Licensing of Nuclear Installations PNRA Safety Goals for Site Evaluation PNRA Safety Goals for Design of a Nuclear Power Plant Defence-in-depth PNRA Quantitative Safety Goals PNRA Goals for Safe Operation of Nuclear Power Plant PNRA Goals for Safe Management of Radioactive Waste and its Security Improvements made in NPPs to achieve PNRA safety goals Difficulties in Achieving Safety Goals for Older Plants Conclusion 2

3 Establishment of PNRA and its Aim PNRA was established in 2001 with promulgation of Pakistan Nuclear regulatory Authority (PNRA) Ordinance With the aim to regulate the safety of nuclear installations in Pakistan and provide protection against risks arising from ionizing radiation 3

4 Core Functions of PNRA devise, adopt, make and enforce rules, regulations, orders or codes of practice for nuclear safety and radiation protection Authorization/Licensing of nuclear installations to plan, develop and execute comprehensive policies and programmes for the protection of life, health and property against the risk of ionizing radiation, Inspections to verify the compliance of regulations and enforcement in case of noncompliance/violations 4

5 PNRA Mission Statement To ensure the safe operation of nuclear facilities and protect the radiation workers, general public and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation by formulating and implementing effective regulations and building a relationship of trust with the licensees and maintaining transparency in actions and decisions taken by the regulatory body 5

6 Licensing of Nuclear Installations PNRA Licensing stages Site Registration Construction Licence Permission for Commissioning Permission to Introduce Nuclear Material into the Installation Operating Licence Revalidation of Operating Licence Licensing Beyond Design Life License for Decommissioning of a Nuclear Installation or Closure of a Waste Repository Removal from Regulatory Control 6

7 Licensing of Nuclear Installations (Contd..) Review and assessment of PSAR/FSAR, PSA Level 1 (for NPP only), Commissioning reports, TS/OPP, Radiation protection program, EPP etc. Maintain qualified inspectors in regional offices for inspections and enforcement of nuclear installations Collect and analyse samples of soil, air and water from surrounding areas of nuclear installations Ensure effective liaison is present among various authorities and practicable means are adopted for shelter/ evacuation/ rehabilitation. etc. 7

8 PNRA Safety Goals for Site Evaluation To protect the public and the environment from the radiological consequences of radioactive releases due to normal operation and accidents shall be fundamental safety objective 8

9 PNRA Safety Goals for Site Evaluation (contd..) Aspects to be considered the effects of external events (natural origin or human induced) occurring in the region of the particular site the characteristics of the site and its environment that could influence the transfer to persons and the environment of radioactive material that has been released the population density and population distribution and other characteristics of the external zone in so far as they may affect the possibility of implementing emergency measures and the need to evaluate the risks to individuals and the population 9

10 PNRA Safety Goals for Site Evaluation (contd..) Quantitative goals for determination of exclusion area boundary an individual located at any point on its boundary for two hours immediately following onset of the postulated fission product release would not receive a total radiation dose to the whole body in excess of 250 msv or a total radiation dose in excess of 3000 msv to the thyroid from iodine exposure 10

11 PNRA Safety Goals for Design of a Nuclear Power Plant General Nuclear Safety Objective To protect individuals, society and the environment from harmful effects of radiation Radiation Protection Objective To ensure that in all operational states radiation exposure is kept below prescribed limits and as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), and to ensure mitigation of the radiological consequences of any accident. Technical Safety Objective To take all reasonably practicable measures to prevent accidents in nuclear installations and to mitigate their consequences should they occur 11

12 Defence in - Depth In support of the provisions taken within the framework of defence-in-depth concept, the following fundamental safety functions shall be achieved by the licensee Control of the reactivity Removal of heat from the core Confinement of radioactive materials and control of operational discharges, as well as limitation of accidental releases 12

13 PNRA Quantitative Goals PSA criteria Core damage frequency (CDF) shall be less than 10-5 per reactor year [3] Frequency of off-site radiation release (LERF) shall be less than 10-6 per reactor year Annual Dose Limits 20 msv (whole body) for radiation worker 6 msv (whole body) for radiation student/apprentice 1 msv for general public 13

14 PNRA Goals for Safe Operation of Nuclear Power Plant Qualitative requirements for quality assurance, emergency preparedness, fire safety, physical protection, feedback of operating experience, qualification and training of personnel, commissioning program for the plant, operational limits and conditions, core management and fuel handling, radiation protection and radioactive waste management, maintenance, testing, surveillance and inspection of safety /safety related structures, systems and components, periodic safety review, criteria for shift supervisor licence, criteria for shift engineer licence, criteria for reactor operator licence 14

15 PNRA Goals for Safe Management of Radioactive Waste and its Security Necessary steps for safe management of radioactive waste and its security are keep the generation of both the activity and volume of radioactive waste to the minimum practicable by suitable design, operation and decommissioning of its facilities ensure that radioactive waste is managed by appropriate classification, segregation, treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal, and maintain records of such activities including inventory of radioactive waste ensure that disposal of radioactive waste is not unnecessarily delayed 15

16 Specific Improvements Made by the Licensee to Meet the Targets In Pakistan most of reactor trips occur due to grid transients, to increase the reliability of power source third diesel generator has been installed on each nuclear power plant. PSA results show a significant decrease in core damage frequency. In new design (C-2, C-3, C-4) provisions for cavity flooding system installation of motor driven throttle valve at pressurizer passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiners 16

17 Difficulties Faced In Achieving Quantitative Targets For Older Plants For older plants (e.g., Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) a CANDU type reactor), it is very difficult to achieve quantitative safety goals set by PNRA. However, some improvements have been made to reduce the CDF. Some of the examples are: Redundancy in Emergency Injection Water System Automation of emergency feed water system Installation of third diesel generator etc. 17

18 Conclusion In this presentation PNRA qualitative requirements and quantitative criteria are described and based on the PSA results some improvements have been mentioned which are made by the licensee in operating nuclear power plants as well as in new built It is proposed that each regulatory body should establish qualitative requirements and quantitative criteria for the licensee of nuclear installations for safe operation and to protect workers, public and the environment from harmful effect of radiation 18

19 Thanks 19