FDI in R&D and Environmental Technologies (FDI in Eco-R&D)

Transcription

1 FDI in R&D and Environmental Technologies (FDI in Eco-R&D) Pedro Miranda Institute for Applied Economic Research Ipea Berlin, September 2014

2 Eco-R&D Challenge for enviromental sustainability: NEW SOLUTIONS New industrial processes (low carbon) New energy sources New waste management methods NEW TECHNOLOGIES! Investment in Eco-R&D Key-element: KNOWLEDGE!!!!!!!!

3 R&D : High concentrated!! Total world patent applications (EPO) : In a few countries: USA+JAPAN+GERMANY > 70% In a few Multinationals: Top 500 MNC 65% Environmental technologies?????

4 Eco R&D: Geographical Distribution % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Others Brazil Russian Fed. India Taiwan China OECD - Others Europe - Others Germany USA Japan Source: Author s calculations based on data from Urraca-Ruiz, Durán-Romero (2013, 2014), EPO PATSTAT (2012) and ORBIS BVD (2013)

5 TECHNOLOGY FIELD 1 Renewable energy sources 2 Combustion Technologies 3 Fuel of Non-fossil origin Source: Urraca-Ruiz, Durán-Romero (2013, 2014) Environmental Technologies 4 GHG Emission mitigation Fuel cells 5 Energy conservation 6 Environmental Management 7 Transportation 8 Agriculture & Forestry SUBGROUPS Geothermal Hydroenergy Solarenergy Wind energy Alternative energy production Combined cycle power plant or gas turbine Intergated gasification combined cycçe Biofuels Biodiesel Bioethanol Biogas Storage os electrical energy Measurement of electric consumption Storage of thermal energy Low energy lighting Thermal building insulation Recovering mechanical energy Air pollution abatment Water pollution abatment Waste management Soil remediation Environmental Monitoring Technologies specific to propulsion using combustion engine Technologies specific to propulsion using electric motor Technologies specific to hybrid propulsion Fuel efficiency improving vehicle design Forestry techniques Alternative irrigation techniques Soil improvement

6 R&D : High concentrated!! Total world patent applications (EPO) : In a few countries: USA+JAPAN+GERMANY > 70% In a few Multinationals: Top 500 MNC 65% Environmental technologies????? FDI in R&D: a important way for technology tranfer and spiloovers and competences capture!!!

7 FDI in R&D: How important is it? Are MNCs doing R&D outside their home country?

8 Internationalization rate (%) of R&D % Year Ano Source: Author s calculations based on data from EPO PATSTAT (2012) and ORBIS BVD (2013)

9 FDI in R&D and environmental technologies (FDI in Eco-R&D): How important is it?

10 Internationalization rate (%) of Eco-R&D % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% International National Source: Author s calculations based on data from Urraca-Ruiz, Duran-Romero(20143, 2014), EPO PATSTAT (2012) and ORBIS BVD (

11 FDI in Eco-R&D: Where does it go? Where does it come from? Are EMMs integrated in this scenario?

12 FDI in Eco-R&D: Host X Home Country Host-country Home-country Europe OECD Saudi South Russian Total USA Japan Germ. Taiwan China Sing. India Others Others Others Arabia Africa Fed. USA Japan Germany Europe Others OECD Others Taiwan China Singapore India Saudi Arabia South Africa Russian Fed Others Total Source: Author s calculations based on data from Urraca-Ruiz, Duran-Romero(20143, 2014), EPO PATSTAT (2012) and ORBIS BVD (2013)

13 FDI in Eco-R&D: Top EMMs Patent Applicants Source: Author s calculations based on data from Urraca-Ruiz, Duran-Romero(20143, 2014), EPO PATSTAT (2012) and ORBIS BVD (201

14 FDI in Eco-R&D: Where does it come from? X Technological field?

15 FDI in Eco-R&D: Technological field distribution, by home-country % AGRICULTURE/FORESTRY 90% 80% TRANSPORTATION 70% GENERAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 60% ENERGY CONSERVATION 50% 40% GHG EMISSIONS MITI- GATION 30% FUEL OF NON-FOSSIL ORIGIN 20% COMBUSTION TECH- NOLOGIES 10% 0% RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES USA Japan Germany Europe - Others OECD - Others Taiwan China Singapore India Saudi Arabia South Africa Russian Fed. Others Source: Author s calculations based on data from Urraca-Ruiz, Duran-Romero(20143, 2014), EPO PATSTAT (2012) and ORBIS BVD (2013)

16 Thanks! Pedro Miranda