Aao Jal Sanchay Karein. Boond - Boond se Dharti Bharein.

Transcription

1 Aao Jal Sanchay Karein Boond - Boond se Dharti Bharein Ravindra Kumar ravindra53@yahoo.co.in

2 Major GW Issues Quality Problems Declining Water Levels & Depleting first aquifer Over Exploitation of Ground Water Water Scarcity (as in hard rock areas) Awareness among masses 2

3 Mass Awareness

4 Positive minded atmosphere of co-operation EXPERTS Guiding light Community Leaders In driving seat Funding Fuel to take to goal GOVERNMENT For long ride and smooth sailing FORCE Assembly line Village Water Security Plan

5 S.N Ground Water Assessment in U.P. (1975 to 2009) Item Unit: BCM Year GW Recharge* GW draft for Irrigation# GW draft for I &D use Gross draft Stage of development (%) * GW Recharge has declined 1600 MCM by 2009 over 2004 # Domestic sector water use has increased to 3000 MCM

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8 2-5 mbgl, mainly in Terai Region & areas covered under Canal Commands mbgl, mainly in parts of Western UP & area lying between Ganga & Yamuna, except part falling in Ram Ganga Canal Command >20mbgl mbgl, as patches & mostly along Yamuna river from Agra upto Allahabad 8

9 2-5 mbgl, mainly in Ter Region & areas covere under Canal Command > 20 mbgl, as patches & mostly along Yamuna river mbgl, mainly in parts of from Agra upto Ferozabad Western UP & along Yamuna from Agra upto Ferozabad 9

10 Water Level Trends (Decline) Pre-monsoon ( ) Sizeable area show declining trend within 20 cm/ yr. > 40 cm/ yr decline observed in parts of Bijnor, M Nagar, GB Nagar, Meerut, Mathura, Harthras, Agra, Firozabad, Fatehpur, Banda, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Jalaun, Jhansi, Jaunpur, Varanasi, Kaushambi, Mirzapur, Sonbhadra districts. 10

11 Sizeable area show declining trend within 20 cm/ yr. Water Level Trends Post-monsoon ( ) > 40 cm/ yr declining trends observed in conceivable part, mainly in western UP, and Marginal lalluvial lplain and hard rock area falling in Bundelkhand and in parts of Mirzapur and Sonbhadra districts 11

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13 Ground Water Resource and Development Potential in India Total Annual Ground Water Recharge (433 BCM) Annual Ground Water Draft (231 BCM) Balance Dynamic Ground Water Resource Available (168 BCM) Natural Discharge (34 BCM) Annual Ground Water Recharge Annual Ground Water Draft Ground Water Recharge from Other Sources 33% Ground Water Recharge from Rainfall 67% BCM Irrigation Domestic & Industrial Annual Ground Water Draft

14 Country AnnualGW GW Structures Extraction per Population Use (km 3 ) (million) Structure (m 3 /year) Dependent on GW (%) Pakistan Punjab Punjab India* China Iran Mexico USA <1 2 * By 2009 GW Annual Draft has increased to 231 bcm

15 Supply Side Measures Scientific Development of Ground Water Resources Ground Water Development in Alluvial Plains: Ground Water Development in Coastal Areas: Ground Water Development in Hard Rock Area Ground Water Development in Water-logged Areas Development of Flood Plain Aquifers Rainwater Harvesting and Artificial Recharge Demand Side Measures GW Regulation

16 Back in the 1950's when energy use was considered synonymous with economic progress, state power utilities in India aggressively persuaded unwilling farmers to install electric tubewells. When the Green Revolution was found to follow the tubewell revolution with a lag of 3-5 years

17 Groundwater, though part of hydrological cycle and a community resource, is still perceived as an individual property and is exploited inequitably and without any consideration to its sustainability leading to its overexploitation in several areas. Low consciousness about the overall scarcity and economic value of water results in its wastage and inefficient use. There is a need to map the aquifers to know the quantum and quality of ground water resources (replenishable as well as non-replenishable) in the country. This may be periodically updated.

18 Declining ground water levels in over-exploited areas need to be arrested by introducing i improved technologies of water use, incentivizing efficient water use and encouraging community based management of aquifers. In addition, where necessary, artificial recharging projects should be undertaken so that extraction is less than the recharge. This would allow the aquifers to provide base flows to the surface system, and maintain ecology.

19 Number of Blocks Safe blocks of U.P. in Ground Water Decline Years

20 Year Stage of Development % Nos. of OE/ Critical blocks Category of Stressed Stressed Stressed blocks block block block Over Exploited Critical Semi Critical Safe (9.1%) 820 (16.8%) 820 (26.9%) Stressed blocks in % of Total

21 250 Trend of Increase in Stressed blocks over time Blocks Nu umber of Over Exploited Critical Semi Critical Stressed block Category of Blocks

22 9314 ponds in rural areas and 140 ponds in urban areas have been rejuvenated/ constructed check dam of varying dimensions have been constructed on different rivers/streams. Roof top rainwater harvesting system has been installed in 1715 private buildings & 684 government/semi-government building in different cities. An ambitious ground water scheme, named as Adarsh Jalashay Yojna has been launched in the state in the financial year , wherein ponds would be rejuvenated/constructed, one in each Gram Sabha. 28 Industries have installed piezometers to monitor GW 8 dust es a e sta ed pe o etes to o to G Level/Quality

23 Flood plains along the major river courses of the country offer good scope for groundwater development. Similarly, there are areas in the country with artesian condition, which can be mapped and suitable development plans formulated. In the alluvial areas, where multi-aquifer systems exist, there is a need to concretize methodologies for assessment of development potential of deeper aquifers. There is urgent an need for coordinated efforts from various Central and State Government agencies, non-governmental and social service organizations, academic institutions and the stakeholders for evolving and implementing suitable ground water management strategies in the country.

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25 JBSB- The Pilot Project j area

26 Total Groundwater recharge = 3268 mcm Recharge from rainfall = 1939 mcm Recharge from other sources = 1329 mcm Canal seepage 527 mcm Return flow from irrigation Surface 282 mcm Ground 484 mcm Recharge from other measures 36 mcm

27 Scenario: Current management practice (direct outlets open, groundwater not preferred) with current cropping intensity (~150% rice-wheat)

28 Scenario: Jaunpur Branch running with direct outlets between Amethi and Tikri Dys closed with current cropping intensity (~150% rice-wheat)

29 Scenario: Jaunpur Branch closed with current cropping intensity (~150% rice-wheat)

30 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS OF JBS DSS The task of computing and presenting outputs in a comprehensible manner becomes increasing difficult for a decision-making (what-if scenario) involving integrated water resource management (IWRM) without any computer software package. The JBS DSS contains a computer model, icrop, that can be used to compute crop water requirement, allocate resources, groundwater profile, socio-economic value of a decision etc. For example, a planner has to investigate if available water resources in JBS is adequate enough if the cropping intensity is increased from currently about 150% to 230% and conjunctive water management policy is adopted. The 10-year weekly simulation of depth to groundwater evidently suggests that such resources use is sustainable and consequently, the groundwater profile will also improve significantly. 10-yr Weekly Simulation of Depth to GW icrop Output: Depth t o GW Map-Kharif -5 Scenario: Proposed Cropping Pattern with Conjunctive Use Dep th to G W, m bg l /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/ /06/ /12/2015 Scenario: Proposed Cropping Pattern with Conjunctive Use

31 Check Dams (No.) Ponds (No.) Estimated Eti tdrecharge ha.m/yr Roof Top Check Rainwater Ponds Dams Harvestin g Total Estimate d Recharge (MCM) Rechar Rechar ge ge depth( depth mm) on develo ped area

32 Seepage depth on CCA (mm) Seepage depth on Topographical area (mm)

33 Conclusion Conjunctive use policy is the best way for socially, economically and environmentally water resources sustainability. Canal seepage if managed properly would provide the best way of water harvesting for rural areas. Aquifer management is equally important having withdrawal from varying depth for varying discharges.

34 Thank You