Air emissions accounts. First quality report following first data transmission under Regulation (EU) 691/2011

Transcription

1 Air emissions accounts First quality report following first data transmission under Regulation (EU) 691/2011 Country: REPUBLIKA HRVATSKA Date 19 th of December 2013 Contact person: VESNA KOLETIC, Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 in article 7 requires that Member States shall provide the Commission with a report on the quality of the data transmitted. The quality criteria as referred to in Article 12(1) of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 shall be applied. Those quality criteria are: relevance, accuracy, timeliness, punctuality, accessibility and clarity, comparability and coherence. Relevance The European Parliament and Council decided air emission accounts shall be provided, through Regulation (EU) No 691/2011 on European environmental accounts adopted on 6 July Air emissions accounts present emissions of 14 different gases originating from 64 industries and from households. Linked to input-output tables, they provide a powerful analytical tool. These EU accounts are consistent with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA-CF) adopted the United Nations Statistical Commission as a world-level statistical standard in March This kind of data was published for the first time this year. Accuracy There are deficiencies in activity data dissagregation which resulted in non estimations of air emissions for some source categories. Inventory team is planning to apply adjustment metohods to estimate these activity data.

2 Timeliness and punctuality The Regulation requires air emissions accounts to be provided for the first time on 30 September Croatia transmitted the data to Eurostat on 26 th of September 2013, covering the years Data on air emissions were prepared earlier according to obligations under CLRTAP and UNFCCC. Accessibility and clarity Data will be made available on Eurostat s web site as soon as possible after checking. Croatian Bureau of Statistics publish data on Air Emissions as First Release in paper form and on the web-site: Comparability and coherence Croatia used inventory-first approach in which inventories prepared under CLRTAP and UNFCCC were utilized to prepare air emissions accounts. Sources of data: CRF Sector/Subsector Type of data Source of data Energy Energy balance Ministry of Economy with assistance of Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar Industrial Processes Registered motor vehicles database Fuel consumption and fuel characteristic data for thermal power plants Fuel characteristic data Natural gas processed (scrubbed), CO2 content before scrubbing and CO2 emission Activity data on production/consumption of material for particular industrial process Activity data on production/consumption of halogenated hydrocarbons (PFCs, Ministry of Interior Pollution Emission Register Voluntary survey of HEP - Croatian Power Utility Company Voluntary survey of INA - Oil and Gas Company Voluntary survey of INA - Central Gas Station MOLVE Central Bureau of Statistics, Department of Manufacturing and Mining Croatian Environment Agency Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection

3 Solvent and Other Product Use HFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Data on consumption and composition of natural gas in ammonia production Data on cement and lime production Activity data on production for particular source category and number of inhabitants Survey of ammonia manufacturer (Petrokemija Fertilizer Company Kutina) Survey of cement and lime manufacturers Central Bureau of Statistics, Department of Manufacturing and Mining Agriculture Livestock number Central Bureau of Statistics, Croatian Horse breeding Centre Production of N-fixing crops and non Central Bureau of Statistics N-fixing crops Area of histosols Faculty of Agriculture LULUCF Waste Activity data on mineral fertilisers applied in Croatia Activity data on sewage sludge applied Activity data on areas of different land use categories, annual increment and annual cut, fuel wood and wildfires Activity data on municipal solid waste disposed to different types of SWDSs Activity data on wastewater handling Activity data on waste incineration Voluntary survey of Petrokemija Fertilizer Company Kutina, Fertilizer Company Adriatica Dunav, Fertzilizer Company Genera Food Company Kanaan Ministry of Agriculture with assistance of public company Hrvatske šume Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection; Croatian Environment Agency State company Croatian Water (Hrvatske vode) Croatian Environment Agency Residence principle was adjusted only for emissions from land transport using expert judgement. Road transport emissions were determined by cross-referencing NACE division with CRF and NFR nomenclature. For mobile combustion in NACE other than transportation and storage we used employement shares as auxilliary parameter. Croatia established mandatory national system for emissions inventory preparation which stipulates obligations for data preparation and submission. Recalculation of data is a part of routine inventory preparation process as required by CLRTAP and UNFCCC decisions and guidelines. There are some discontinuities in time series resulting from improvements in emissions estimations as a result of inventory review process and national QA/QC programme and annual plan. These cases are explained in detail in CLRATP and UNFCCC inventory submissions. Main problem which we encountered during preparation of AEA is related to application of inventory-first approach which is based on CRF and NFR nomenclature which is not fully cross-referenced with NACE and therefore some adjustments and expert judgement were

4 applied which led to higher uncertainty of emissions estimates for some dissagregated source categories. There are some gaps and missing sources but mostly related to non-key sources. Methodology used for greenhouse gas emissions (UNFCCC): The methodologies from Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories and Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National GHG Inventories, recommended by the UNFCCC were used for emission estimations of greenhouse gases which are result of anthropogenic activities, i.e. CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs, SF 6. Emissions of indirect GHGs have been taken from the emission inventory report Republic of Croatia Informative Inventory Report for LRTAP Convention for the Year 2011 Submission to the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are principal greenhouse gases and though they occur naturally in the atmosphere, their recent atmospheric build-up appears to be largely the result of human activities. Synthetic gases such as halogenated hydrocarbons (PFCs, HFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) are also considered as greenhouse gases and they are solely the result of human activities. The methodology does not include the CFCs which are the subject of the Montreal Protocol. In addition, there are other photochemically active gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) that, although not considered as greenhouse gases, contribute indirectly to the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. These are generally referred to as ozone precursors, because they participate in the creation and destruction of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone (which is also GHG). Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), as a precursor of sulphate and aerosols, is believed to exacerbate the greenhouse effect because the creation of aerosols removes heat from the environment. Generally, methodology applied to estimate emissions includes the product of activity data (e.g. fuel consumption, cement production, wood stock increment and so forth) and associated emission factor. The use of country-specific emission factors, if available, is recommended but these cases should be based on well-documented research. Otherwise, the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines provides methodology with default emission factors for different tiers. The emission estimates are divided into following sectors: Energy, Industrial Processes, Solvent and Other Product Use, Agriculture, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry and Waste. Detailed description of the applied methodologies is described in sector specific chapters of the NIR from 3 to 9 and overview is given in the CRF tables Summary 3s1 - Summary 3s2. Methodology used for air pollutants (CLRTAP): After activity data are collected, they are distributed to NFR and SNAP sectors, sub-sectors and source categories database with corresponding update emission factors entered into central database CollectER. For this inventory preparation, CollectER III (Version 3 of October 2010) is used. Until this year, CollectER II was used and together with ReportER II was a part of so-called Air Emission Data Exchange Mode (AE-DEM) developed by EEA and European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC) to assist national experts in the development of an inventory preparation. Software tools CollectER II and ReportER from January 2009 were join in a single application: CollectER III. Establishment of new

5 software applications CollectER III that was conducted in accordance with the recommendations TFEIP/EIONET and ETC/ACC European Environment Agency (EEA). Emissions from road transport are calculated by means of program application COPERT 4 (v10.0) that contains activity data on vehicle fleet and procedures for emissions calculation from road transport. Pollutant emissions are reporting in defined NFR format (Excel spreadsheet), which discusses the sources of emissions of the following sectors: Energy (NFR 1); Industrial Processes (NFR 2); Solvent and other product use (NFR 3); Agriculture (NFR 4); Land use, Land-use change and forestry (NFR 5); Waste (NFR 6); Other and Natural sources (7 NFR and NFR 11). The NFR format under the CLRTAP is in full compliance with the CRF format under the UNFCCC. Due to evident advantages and shortcomings of both approaches inventory agency in practice, utilize both of them with emphasis on achieving a balance between resources available and quality of estimations. For Large point sources emissions calculation, "bottom up" approach is used, and emissions from all other sources by "top down". That combination is reasonable because data for LPS are considered more reliable than other smaller sources. Emissions are calculated on the base of the standard methods and procedures of: EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook Technical Guidance to Prepare National Emission Inventories (2009), EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook 2007 (EMEP 2007), EMEP/CORINAIR Good Practice Guidance. Good practice for CLRTAP emission inventories (Tinus Pulles, John van Aardenne, 24 June 2004) National quality report is not available in english. Annual cycle of activities related to QA/QC is presented in table below. activity Preparation of QA/QC plan Making decisions regarding method selection, procedures and/or national system supplements Documentation revision and supplement Approval of QA/QC plan Implementation of QC procedures Internal audit Corrective and preventive activities Reporting on performed internal audit Reporting on QC procedures Implementation of QA procedures responsibility QA/QC coordinator CEA, MENP, Authorized Institution CEA, MENP QA/QC coordinator, Authorized Institution's sectoral experts QA/QC coordinator, Project leader in NIR preparation Authorized Institution's sectoral experts QA/QC coordinator Authorized Institution CEA, MENP - National System Committee UNFCCC noted some deficiencies as a part of regular inventory review process. Last Annual Review Report (ARR) for Croatia is available at:

6 616.php - CBS does not prepare national quality report on air emissions.