The German Energiewende

Transcription

1 The German Energiewende Bastian Hermisson Heinrich Böll Foundation North America The Green Political Foundation 1

2 Washington,DC.MexicoCity.SanSalvador.RiodeJaneiro.SantiagodeChile.Lagos.CapeTown Nairobi. Addis Ababa. Berlin. Brussels. Warsaw. Prague. Sarajevo. Belgrade. Zagreb. Istanbul Kiev.Moscow.Tbilisi.Kabul.Lahore.NewDheli.ChiangMai.PhnomPenh.Beijing

3 EU Climate and Energy Policy: Goals Climate: A reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions of at least 20% below 1990 levels (e.g. Germany minus 40%) Renewables: 20% of EU energy consumption to come from renewable resources (e.g. Germany 18%) Efficiency: A 20% reduction in primary energy use compared with projected levels Principle: effort sharing The Green Political Foundation 3

4 EU Climate and Energy Policy: 2030 Goals Climate: A reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions of at least 40% below 1990 levels (without international carbon offsets) Renewables: 27% of EU energy consumption to come from renewable resources Efficiency: 27% energy savings by 2030, which could be increased to 30% after a review in The Green Political Foundation 4

5 Looking at Germany what is the country doing? TheEnergy Transition or Energiewende did not start with Fukushima The Green Political Foundation 5

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10 25.8% 15.9% 9.6% 18% 25.6% Source: Bundesverband der Energie-und Wasserwirtschaft (BDEW) The Green Political Foundation 10

11 Heinrich Böll Foundation North America 1432 K Street, NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20005, USA

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16 How? Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) High investment certainty for renewable energy (first phase) 1. Fixed payments for 20 years (depending on technology and size) eliminate risks to investors and banks 2. Guaranteed grid access Rewarding renewable electricity production, not investment; open for all citizens; not a government subsidy -> This has provided market access for all renewables, giving them a fair share to enter the market and become competitive. The Green Political Foundation 16

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18 Feed-In tariffs grow renewables EEG 2014 EEG 2000 EEG 2009 EEG 2012 EEG 2004 Original feed-in tariffs The Green Political Foundation 18

19 -> 1 out of 60 Germans is now an energy producer ( prosumers ) The Green Political Foundation 19

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26 Some added benefits The Green Political Foundation 26

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31 What are the main characteristics of the German energy transition? 1. there is an all-party agreement that climate change is real and needs to be addressed; 2. there is broad support to switch to a renewable energy economy (priority for RE, no nuclear power); 3. the energy policies are geared not towards large corporations, but SME and citizens which are driving the energy transition. The Green Political Foundation 31

32 yet some challenges remain (to be solved in the second phase ) 1. How to build new power grids (north-south) and storage systems; 2. How to coordinate the expansion of renewableswhile controlling the costs; 3. How to coordinate renewable power production and distributive generation with the rest of the power system, particularly fossil fuels; 4. How to define a new role for utilities; 5. How to continue limiting national CO2 emissions effectively; 6. How to think beyond justelectricity (energy efficiency, transportation, heating); 7. How to coordinate the energy transition with European neighbors. The Green Political Foundation 32

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34 Thank you! The Green Political Foundation 34

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38 Electricity Generation in TWh Source: AG Energiebilanzen The Green Political Foundation 38

39 EU energy mix The Green Political Foundation Source: EU Energy in Figures pocketbook 39

40 EU coal imports Source: DG ENER; EU Energy in Figures pocketbook The Green Political Foundation 40