Biowaste management in mediterran areas: results and case - studies

Transcription

1 Biowaste management in mediterran areas: results and case - studies Amman, 13 May 2014 Marco Ricci-Jürgensen CIC Italian Composting and Biogas Association- Rome-Italy Chair of the ISWA-WG on biological treatment of Waste

2 Working Group on Biological Treatment of Waste (WGBTW) Activities and discussions EU legislative initiatives on biological treatment End of Waste Criteria Regional Bio-waste workshops Preparation of Fact sheets Organise the ISWA biennial Beacon conference on Biological treatment of waste Food waste paper (July 2013) 2

3 CIC Consorzio Italiano Compostatori (Italian Composting and Biogas Consortium) unites public and private companies, local authorities and others involved in the production of compost, Involves producers of machinery and equipment, includes producers of fertilisers, research bodies etc Recycling sector for biowaste: 283 composting plant and 32 AD plants Surveys and monitors Biowaste collection in Italy Supports development of National legislation on biowaste management and composting International cooperation (ECN, ISWA, etc.)

4 CIC: what we do Support of Local authorities in designing strategies for waste reduction, separate collection, recycling of organic waste Manages National Quality Standard for Compost and develops Regional Q Labels Manages certification system for compostable bioplastics

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6 Common features of MSW in mediterranean countries MSW contains large amounts of biowaste (40-70%) Mixed MSW is collected from 3 6 times/week Lack of pre-treatment infrastructure for MSW before landfilling major contributor to GHGs from inappropriate management of MSW (4 to 11% of total GHGs from landfills) Soil with low carbon content (desertification) extended benefits: soils, farmlands, the environment Biowaste is more than just waste-management

7 The pivotal role of separate collection A tendency to reduce biowaste being disposed off with MSW in landfill-sites and open-dumps A tendency to reduce avoidable contamination through separately collected inputs Conservation of the natural asset of soils (EU Soil Strategy) Increasing concerns on healthy food production Biowaste compost remarkably better, on the average, than mixed MSW compost Not just glass and plastics Heavy metals Organic pollutants 8

8 2. Evidence of 20 years of compost production: quality depends on separate collection 6,0 Cd [mg kg -1 dm] 250 Cr [mg kg -1 dm] 600 Cu [mg kg -1 dm] 5, ,0 3,0 2,0 1, ,0 BWC Sludge Compost MSW/MBT- C 0 BWC Sludge Compost MSW/MBT- C 0 BWC Sludge Compost MSW/MBT- C 9 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 BWC Hg [mg kg -1 dm] Sludge Compost MSW/MBT- C BWC Ni [mg kg -1 dm] Sludge Compost MSW/MBT- C BWC Pb [mg kg -1 dm] Sludge Compost MSW/MBT- C

9 Source separation of foodwaste is difficult. High moisture Leachate putrescible High density Likely to be uncomfortable?

10 Why do we need kitchen-caddies? Volume: 6-12 liters Limit volumes prevent mixture with MSW Small and manageable Allows to collect cooked food too... Vented reduce odors, moisture, weight Bags/liners should be compostable (comply with CEN standard EN 13432) Source Separation in the kitchen : compact, comfortable, clean

11 How to deliver foodwaste to the collection service Bins from 20 to 30 liters volumes in line with foodwaste production Prevents mixed collection of food and gardenwaste and other MSW Easy to check (small amounts) Easy to clean and rinse To be emptied by hand (labour intensive)

12 Foodwaste collection in a town center Buckets for families Wheelybins for restaurants and high-rise building (Yellow bin for paper)

13 Foodwaste collection in high-urbanised areas Kitchen caddies inside (for each family) Wheelybins for delivery to collection teams

14 Catalunja (Spain) Surface: 32,000 km2 Population: 7,500,000 inhab. Municipalities: 946 Legislation = drivers to enhance separate collection: since 1993, separate collection of biowaste is compulsory for municipalities exceeding 5,000 inhab. a landfill-tax on (10 /t) is financing the treatment infrastructure.

15 Catalan municipalities with separate collection of foodwaste Law on waste Law on waste (come into force) Landfill Tax Incineration Tax

16 Biowaste collection: Quantitative & Qualitative outcomes Door to Door 5,2 % 282 g/inhab day Road Container 14,7 % 128 g/inhab day

17 Results: Quantity & Quality must be combined Large amounts of of foodwaste achievable with Door to Door schemes residual waste is easier to manage Quality of foodwaste as a feedstock for compost and biogas production good quality of the recycled materials used on soils Economical drivers are welcome to steer municipalities towards recycling

18 A practical case: Sardinia Island in the Mediterranean Sea, Region of Italy Special regulatory regional power inhabitants, 377 municipalities, 8 Provinces Scarcely populated (70 inhabitants / km 2 ) Very high tourism in summer

19 2003 OLBIA-TEMPIO SASSARI NUORO ORISTANO OGLIASTRA MEDIO CAMPIDANO CARBONIA-IGLESIAS CAGLIARI RD 2003 < 10% 10,1% - 20% 20,1% - 30% 30,1% - 40% 40,1% - 50% 50,1% - 60% > 60% 22

20 2006 OLBIA-TEMPIO SASSARI NUORO ORISTANO OGLIASTRA MEDIO CAMPIDANO CARBONIA-IGLESIAS CAGLIARI RD 2006 < 10% 10,1% - 20% 20,1% - 30% 30,1% - 40% 40,1% - 50% 50,1% - 60% > 60% 23

21 2009 OLBIA-TEMPIO SASSARI NUORO ORISTANO OGLIASTRA MEDIO CAMPIDANO CARBONIA-IGLESIAS CAGLIARI RD 2009 < 10% 10,1% - 20% 20,1% - 30% 30,1% - 40% 40,1% - 50% 50,1% - 60% > 60% 24

22 2010 OLBIA-TEMPIO SASSARI NUORO ORISTANO OGLIASTRA MEDIO CAMPIDANO CARBONIA-IGLESIAS CAGLIARI RD 2010 < 10% 10,1% - 20% 20,1% - 30% 30,1% - 40% 40,1% - 50% 50,1% - 60% > 60% 25

23 Composting sites Low-scale, modular approach Low-tech to high-tech Can be upgraded in time (from low-tech to high-tech) Djerba Degache

24 Milan Metropolitan Area.

25 Municipality of Milano - Primaticcio district Geo-data: inhab 9000 building inhab/km 2 Key-Data about waste collection: DtD collection of residual W (bags) 2/week FW (buckets and wheelyb.) 2/week GW at municipal collection centers Kitchen-caddies Wheely-bins Compostable bags (bioplastic): starter kit for all HH

26 Municipality of Milano - Primaticcio district

27 Municipality of Milano - Primaticcio district Collection done mainly with noncompacting vehicles Transport to AD/composting plant done with packer-trucks Collection of foodwaste done 2/week Most HH live in flats and high-rise building Restaurants, canteens, etc served 2 to 4 times/week

28 Results in Milan (actually 1M inhab): Separate collection of foodwaste : from Ho.Re.Ca only 23kg/inhab/yr Separate collection of foodwaste : including families 91kg/inhab/yr Purity of foodwaste from sep. collection: average non-compostable content4.3% (worst case 7.9%) Plastics (non-bags) content: about 30% of non-compostables Plastic bags about 7-20% of non-compostables Diversion of foodwaste from residual waste: 86%

29 MSW management should be sustainable.. From Waste Management to Resource Management.. but money matters

30 MSW management cost are stabel for increasing sep. collection rates of MSW Italy s largest Region of about 2000 municipalities and 9,8 million inhabitants with increasing separate collection rates the TOTAL cost of collection (green bars) remains unchanged in most of the municipalities treatment the costs for processing / treatment / disposal (blue bars) steadily decrease collection

31 TOOLS AND STRATEGIES TO CUT COSTS Tool Details Applies where.. Reducing pickup time Reduction of the frequency for collection of Residuals Use of bulk lorries instead of packer trucks Hand pick-up of small receptacles much faster than mechanical loading Effective systems to collect biowaste make its percentage in Residuals less than 15 % Bulk density of food waste is much higher (0.7kg/dm3) than garden waste food waste collected separately from garden waste, in small receptacles captures of biowaste are increased tools for collection of food waste prevent deliveries of garden waste

32 Manual emptying = fast & labour-intensive

33 Integrated MSW management: residual waste collection shall be reduced! without FOODWASTE collection MSW (mixed) 6/week without FOODWASTE collection MSW (mixed) without FOODWASTE collection 3/week MSW (mixed) 6/week with FOODWASTE collection Foodwaste Residualwaste with FOODWASTE collection 2/week 1/week Foodwaste Residualwaste with FOODWASTE collection 3-4/week 1/week Foodwaste Residualwaste 3-4/week Source: European Compost Network, updated by authors 1/week 38

34 7-9 /h /h.

35 Cost (per person) for foodwaste & residualwaste collection and transport Source: Waste-Management District Padova 1, Italy 2000

36 Sicily\Castelbuono Geo-data: 9100 inhab 6150 families 150 inhab/km 2 Key-Data about waste collection: DtD collection of residual W (bags) 1/week FW (buckets and wheelyb.) 3/week other recyclabels 1/week Kitchen-caddies 6,150 Buckets (23 lt) 5000 Compostable bags (bioplastic):

37 No roads for cars or trucks..

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39 Conclusions Biowaste (foodwaste) is a strategic waste fraction to be source separated so to: reduce MSW for disposal and recycle materials (i.e. compost) and energy (biogas) Biowaste management and composting are a key element and strategy element for municipal waste management in countries where the largest waste composition is organic (about 60%). Current best-practise cases show that intensive collection at the curbside can be managed with high level of employment and by reducing cost for collecting residual or mixed MSW Door to door collection can be applied in a large set of housing structure (from detached to vertical buildings) Careful planning needs to involve relevant stakeholders 46

40 Thank you Marco Ricci - Juergensen ricci@compost.it