Martin G. Schultz 1 Martine DeMaziére 2 Stuart McDermid 3 John A. Ogren 4 Holger Vömel 5

Transcription

1 Martin G. Schultz 1 Martine DeMaziére 2 Stuart McDermid 3 John A. Ogren 4 Holger Vömel 5 1 Forschungszentrum Jülich 2 Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy 3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4 NOAA ESRL 5 Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg

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3 Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) 6 thematic areas Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry (EPAC) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Partnership of WMO members, contributing networks and collaborating organizations and bodies to provide reliable scientific data and information on the chemical composition of the atmosphere, and its natural and anthropogenic change to help improve the understanding of interactions between the atmosphere, the oceans and the biosphere

4 29 ~400 ~100 Central Facilities Central Calibration Laboratories World (& Regional) Calibration Centers World Data Centers Products: Standard Operating Procedures Bulletins Data reports

5 Objectives: long-term time series for the detection of changes and trends establish scientific links and feedbacks between climate change and atmospheric composition satellite calibration and validation support to scientific field campaigns model validation

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7 Network for ground-based reference observations for climate in the free atmosphere in the frame of GCOS Objectives: Maintain observations over decades Validation of satellite systems Characterize observational uncertainties Traceability to SI units or accepted standards Comprehensive metadata collection and documentation Long-term stability through managed change Validate observations through deliberate measurement redundancy Priority 1: Water vapor, temperature, pressure and wind Priority 2: Ozone, clouds,

8 16 stations (planned: 30-40)

9 Time series of surface ozone concentrations across the world: Latitudinal distribution of surface CO Variability of ethane

10 MODEL equivalent black carbon (ng m -3 ) Evaluation of Modelled Black Carbon NIES (Canada) model reproduces long-term, wintertime-average trend at Barrow, Alaska Barrow Sharma et al, JGR, 2013 OBS Oslo CTM2 model is biased low and has less variability than observations (monthly averages, ) Skeie et al, ACP, 2011

11 Time series of HCl total column abundances at different NDACC sites From: Kohlhepp, R., et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, , 2012

12 Formic acid (FA) From: Paulot, F. et al, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, , 2011.

13 Instrument Comparison: Vaisala RS92 versus Multithermistor Minor systematic difference at night Significant systematic difference during the day Observations are consistent with the understanding of the uncertainties in the Vaisala temperature measurements Lack of uncertainties in Multithermistor measurements precludes further conclusions

14 GAW NDACC GRUAN Focus on High-quality Long-term Records Standard Operating Procedures/Training Central Calibration Facilities/Audits Focus on High-quality Long-term Records Standard retrievals; Training; Data Quality Protocols Intercomparison Campaigns Focus on High-quality Long-term Records Mandatory Documentation of Algorithms Central Data Archives 1) Central Data Archive Centralized Processing Data Quality Control at Archive and via SAGs Data Protocol Verification Data Versioning Data Versioning Data Versioning and Documentation Free Data Use 2) Free Data Use 2)3) Free Data Use 2) 1) Topical world data centers; voluntary submissions 2) Must offer co-authorship or acknowledgement 3) After two years at the latest

15 GAW Quality Management Framework QM documentation - programme protocols and procedures (e.g. for facilities/ stations/ networks) - established agreements with partners - reporting Personnel development - Specialized training - Stations twinning - Technical workshops Requirements and technical guidelines - Data Quality Objectives - station requirements - facilities requirements - MG/SOPs Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) - QA/QC at the stations (calibrations, equipment service, data control, log books, ) - Central Facilities activities (intercomparisons, audits, ) - data and metadata control at data centers - activities of the supporting expert groups

16 GRUAN Reference Observations A GRUAN reference observation: Is traceable to an SI unit or an accepted standard Provides a comprehensive uncertainty analysis Is documented in accessible literature Is validated (e.g. by intercomparison or redundant observations) Includes complete meta data description

17 Large spatial gaps in networks Voluntary contributions of research data Stations close due to lack of funding Ensure regular (even realtime?) data delivery Data documentation and metadata harmonisation Implementation of quality control principles Interaction with data users

18 Ensure correct use of consistent, quality-controlled data Advance statistical robustness of model-data comparisons Work together to improve process parametrisations Publish together

19 Consistent, quality-controlled data Statistical robustness of comparison data quality flagging metadata versioning linked data reference data sets consistency checks data-model comparisons feedback documented use ensure data quality develop data filters (clean conditions, wind direction, etc.) guide interpretation use frequency distributions smart aggregation multi-species correlations weather patterns etc. Improve process parametrisations Joint data base on process studies? Standardisation of evaluation protocols Focus on variability rather than means

20 Examples for advanced model evaluation Surface ozone comparison by wind direction/season (Schultz, unpubl.) Ozone Wind speed Power spectra of ozone and wind speed (CMAQ vs. obs) Dennis et al., 2010

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22 Table 2.1 Timeline for some key events in background ozone monitoring 1960 World Ozone Data Centre commenced, has provision for submitting surface ozone data, but stratospheric ozone is the main focus WMO commences BAPMoN 1972 Ultraviolet ozone continuous monitor first reported in literature 1983 NBS produces the standard reference photometer for ozone 1989 BAPMoN and GO 3 OS merged to form GAW 1990 WDCGG commences operation 1994 GAW Tropospheric Ozone guidelines GAW Report No World Calibration Centre (WCC-Empa) for Surface Ozone established 2013 GAW Tropospheric Ozone guidelines GAW Report No 209 Courtesy I. Galbally, CSIRO

23 Tim Berner Lee s 5-star linked data principle from

24 Another example from RETRO