U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Air Quality Branch. Sandra Silva MANE-VU Monitoring Meeting October 20, 2004

Transcription

1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Air Quality Branch Sandra Silva MANE-VU Monitoring Meeting October,

2 Mission U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service working with others to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife, and plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. Programs Endangered Species, Migratory Birds, Law Enforcement, Fish Hatcheries, National Wildlife Refuge System

3 National Wildlife Refuge System Over million acres National Wildlife Refuges million acres of wilderness

4 Air Quality Branch Mission is to protect and enhance air quality in support of ecosystem management in the National Wildlife Refuge System.

5 Air Quality Branch Policy and Permit Review Air Pollution Effects Smoke Management Air Quality Monitoring

6 Class I Areas Special protection from air pollution National parks >, acres Wilderness areas >, acres In existence on August,

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9 Sources of Air Pollution Power plants Industry Incinerators Mobile sources SOx,, NOx, metals NOx,, SOx, organics, metals NOx,, organics, metals NOx,, organics

10 Geographic Distribution of Emissions

11 Air Pollution Effects Visibility impairment by particles Eutrophication of coastal areas Bioaccumulation of mercury Ozone injury to plants Acidification of lakes and streams

12 Air Quality Monitoring Why? establish current conditions determine trends over time assess the impacts of air pollution on natural resources identify sourcessource areas of air pollution that affect natural resources in your refuge

13 What do we Monitor? Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) Network Scene Particles National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) Atmospheric Deposition Mercury Deposition

14 IMPROVE Network Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments Identify the types and amounts of particles responsible for visibility impairment IMPROVE began in and grew to approximately sites. Cooperative effort between EPA, FLMs,, and state air agencies. In, the Regional Haze Rule called for an expansion of visibility monitoring to all Class I areas.

15 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration IMPROVE Steering Committee Chairman Marc Pitchford Desert Research Institute East Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV National Park Service William Malm Colorado State University CIRA - Foothills Campus Ft. Collins, CO Fish and Wildlife Service Sandra Silva Fish and Wildlife Service P.O. Box W. Alameda Denver, CO Forest Service Rich Fisher Air Specialist, Wash. Office Central Administrative Zone. Center Avenue, Building A Ft. Collins, CO Bureau of Land Management State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators US Environmental Protection Agency Scott Archer Science Center (RS-) PO Box Denver, CO - Ray Bishop Dept. of Environmental Quality Air Quality Division North Robinson PO Box Oklahoma City, OK - Neil Frank EPA-OAQPS MRBMD- Research Triangle Park, NC N.E. States for Coordinated Air Use Management Western States Air Resources Council Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Management Association Rich Poirot VT Agency of Natural Res. S. Main St. Building South, Waterbury, VT Robert Lebens Monroe Parkway Suite Lake Oswego, OR David Krask Air Quality Division DC Department of Health N Street, NE Washington, DC -- (fax )

16 IMPROVE Network Expansion To monitor the visibility conditions in all Class I areas, the IMPROVE network was expanded from to sites. In addition, sites in rural but non Class I areas following the IMPROVE protocol exist.

17 IMPROVEProtocol Network in year IMPROVE Sites (-) Protocol Sites (-) QA Sites (-).

18 Every IMPROVE site deploys an aerosol sampler to measure speciated fine aerosols and PM mass. Select sites also deploy Transmissometer and Nephelometers to measure light extinction and scattering respectively, as well as automatic camera systems to measure the scene. The IMPROVE Modular Aerosol Sampler which, measure fine and total aerosol mass. The sampler was developed and refined by the IMPROVE program, and has been in operated since. The receiver for an Optec LPV- transmissometer, which measures the light extinction coefficient by measuring the attenuation of light from a light source. The Optec NGN- integrating nephelometer, which estimates the atm. scattering coefficient by directly measuring light scattered by aerosols and gasses in a sampled air volume.

19 Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments Scene Monitoring Cape Romain NWR Great Smoky Mountains NP

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21 IMPROVE Particle Sampler

22 The standard IMPROVE sampler consists of four independent sampling modules. Prior to, two hour samples were collected twice a week, on Wednesday and Saturday. After, hour samples were collected every three days. The IMPROVE data guide provides a more detailed overview of the IMPROVE samplers and analysis. See IMPROVE Standard Operating Procedures for full details. Module A: PM. particles on Teflon. These are analyzed by five methods at UC Davis for: gravimetric mass for PM. optical absorption hydrogen by PESA Elements Na-Mn by PIXE Elements Fe-Pb by XRF Module B: PM. particles on nylon. A denuder before the nylon filter removes nitric acid vapors. These are analyzed by ion chromatography for nitrate, chloride, sulfate and nitrite. Module C: PM. particles on quartz. These are analyzed at DRI for carbon using the Thermal Optical Reflectance (TOR). A secondary filter at is used to determine artifact. Module D: PM particles on Teflon. Schematic of the IMPROVE sampler showing the four modules with separate inlets and pumps

23 Annual Light Extinction across the U.S.

24 Annual Sulfate Extinction

25 Annual Nitrate Extinction

26 Annual Organic Carbon Extinction

27 Annual Course Particle Extinction

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31 Regional Haze Rule Goal is to remedy existing and prevent any future man-made made visibility impairment in Class I Areas The rule requires visibility to improve on the % haziest days no degradation will occur on the % clearest days Five multi-state Regional Planning Organizations (RPOs( RPOs)

32 Timeline for States to Implement Haze Rule Adapted from US EPA s Regional Haze State Implementation Milestones Control strategies are to cover an initial implementation period extending to with reassessment and revisions every years thereafter.

33 Tracking Reasonable Progress Goals The tracking of progress towards the goal of reaching natural background condition in years requires calculation of three visibility metrics. Natural Conditions (ultimate goal of haze regulations) Level of visibility (in deciviews) for the % most-impaired and % least-impaired days that would exist if there were no human emissions Baseline Conditions (reference point to measure progress against) Visibility (in deciviews) for the % most-impaired and % leastimpaired days for the years - Current Conditions (used to determine progress made) Visibility (in deciview) for the % most-impaired and % leastimpaired days for the most recent year period.

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35 Coarse Mass Nitrate Organics Sulfate Soil Soot (LAC) Data Missing Day Missing Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Reconstructed Extinction on All Available Sample Days C C I C I O CL I C I

36 Coarse Mass Nitrate Organics Sulfate Soil Soot (LAC) Data Missing Day Missing Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Reconstructed Extinction on Best Days S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N N

37 Coarse Mass Nitrate Organics Sulfate Soil Soot (LAC) Data Missing Day Missing Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Reconstructed Extinction on Best Days N N NN C I O L N N NN NN N NN N O L O L O L O L N C I

38 Coarse Mass Nitrate Organics Sulfate Soil Soot (LAC) Data Missing Day Missing Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Reconstructed Extinction on Best Days C C I C I O CL I C I

39 Coarse Mass Nitrate Organics Sulfate Soil Soot (LAC) Data Missing Day Missing Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Reconstructed Extinction on Worst Days S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N N

40 Coarse Mass Nitrate Organics Sulfate Soil Soot (LAC) Data Missing Day Missing Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean = Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Reconstructed Extinction on Worst Days N N NN C I O L N N NN NN N NN N O L O L O L O L N C I

41 Coarse Mass Nitrate Organics Sulfate Soil Soot (LAC) Data Missing Day Missing Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Brigantine : Mean =. Mm- st Quarter nd Quarter rd Quarter th Quarter Extinction (Mm-) Reconstructed Extinction on Worst Days C C I C I O CL I C I

42 National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) Established in to measure atmospheric deposition and its effects on the environment. The network has grown from an original sites to sites across the U.S, extending from Alaska to the Virgin Islands. Cooperatively funded by federal, state, and local government, State Agricultural Experiment Stations, universities, and private organizations.

43 NADP Equipment Aerochem Precipitation Collector and Belfort Rain Gage

44 Sample Collection and Analysis Site Operators collect the precipitation sample every Tuesday, measure ph and conductivity and send the sample to the Central Analytical Laboratory (CAL). The CAL analyzes the samples for hydrogen ion (ph), sulfate, nitrate, chloride, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium. Data are posted to the NADP web site: and in annual publications.

45 Sulfate Deposition

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47 Nitrate Deposition

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49 Ammonium Deposition

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51 Mercury Deposition Network (NADPMDN) The Mercury Deposition Network, was formed in to monitor mercury in precipitation on a regional basis. The Network grew from an original sites to almost sites in. Samples of precipitation are collected every Tuesday and sent to Frontier Geosciences to be analyzed to for total mercury and sometimes methylmercury.

52 NADPMDN Equipment Modified Aerochem Precipitation Collector for Hg Sampling at Chassahowitzka NWR

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