SHARING THE WATER USES OF MULTIPURPOSE HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS The SHARE concept

Transcription

1 SHARING THE WATER USES OF MULTIPURPOSE HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS The SHARE concept By Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 Matinée de clôture à la Maison Minatec, Grenoble, France

2 CONTENT SHARING THE WATER USES OF MULTIPURPOSE HYDROPOWER RESERVOIRS: THE SHARE CONCEPT The water-energy nexus The EDF-WWC Framework on multipurpose Example: the Durance-Verdon valleys in France Take-away messages Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 2

3 THE WATER-ENERGY NEXUS Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 3

4 WHAT IS THE WATER-ENERGY NEXUS? Energy needs water, water needs energy: the dependencies in both directions are set to intensify rapidly. The availability of water affects the viability of energy projects and must be considered when deciding on energy options. And the dependence of water services on the availability of energy will impact the ability to provide clean drinking water and sanitation services Water for Energy linkages Energy for Water Water is needed for all phases of energy production, for fossil-fuel extraction, transport and processing, power production and irrigation of feedstock for biofuels. Water can also be produced as a by-product of fossil-fuel production. Energy is required for a range of water-related processes, such as water transport, wastewater treatment and desalination; and, energy can be produced as a by-product from wastewater treatment Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 4

5 GLOBAL WATER DEMAND BY SECTOR Water withdrawal: The volume of water removed from a source; by definition withdrawals are always greater than or equal to consumption Water consumption: The volume withdrawn that is not returned to the source (i.e. it is evaporated or transported to another location) and by definition is no longer available for other uses Source IEA, 2016 * Primary energy production includes fossil fuels and biofuels Agriculture remains the primary source of global water demand, but other sectors gain ground The energy sector, including power generation and primary energy production, is often included in the industry sector in analyses of water use. Energy is considered separately here, an approach which shows that, in 2014, primary energy production and power generation accounted for roughly 10% of total worldwide water withdrawals and around 3% of total water consumption Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 5

6 WATER FOR ENERGY The power sector is by far the largest source of water withdrawals although in terms of consumption, primary energy production is larger Energy-related water withdrawals and consumption, 2014 Source IEA, 2016 Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 6

7 WATER FOR ENERGY Water withdrawals in the energy sector, 2014 Source IEA, 2016 Power generation is by far the largest source of energy-related water withdrawals Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 7

8 WATER FOR ENERGY Source IEA, 2016 Water use for electricity generation by cooling technology The intensity of water use varies widely across the power sector Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 8

9 WATER FOR ENERGY Source IEA, 2016 Water use for primary energy production Crops used for biofuels can have high water intensities Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 9

10 WATER FOR ENERGY Global water use by the energy sector by fuel and power generation type in the New Policies Scenario from 2014 to 2040 Source IEA, 2016 Energy-related water withdrawals rise by less than 2% to 2040, but consumption rises by almost 60% Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 10

11 ENERGY FOR WATER Energy use for various processes in the water sector Source IEA, 2016 Seawater desalination and wastewater treatment are the most energyintensive processes in the water sector The amount of energy required varies. It is influenced by a range of factors, such as topography, distance, water loss and inefficiencies, and the level of treatment necessary Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 11

12 ENERGY FOR WATER Electricity consumption in the water sector by process and region, 2014 Source IEA, 2016 The water sector accounted for 4% of global electricity consumption in 2014 Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 12

13 ENERGY FOR WATER Water supply by source by region, 2014 Source IEA, /3 of global water withdrawals in 2014 were from surface water, with most of the remainder from groundwater Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 13

14 ENERGY FOR WATER Electricity consumption in the water sector by process Source IEA, 2016 Electricity consumption in the water sector increases by 80% over the next 25 years Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 14

15 THE EDF-WWC FRAMEWORK ON MULTIPURPOSE Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 15

16 A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER COOPERATIVE AND CONSULTATIVE FRAMEWORK Main time process of the EDF-WWC initiative June 2014 IEA IA Hydro Cooperation (Finland) Continuation with ICOLD and IEA initiatives and others It bridges between 6 th and 7 th World Water Forum & links with other initiatives July-October 2013 Circulation of the draft scoping paper within potential stakeholders for comments and express of interest February 2014 Call for contribution at the 2 nd stakeholder meeting (Republic of Korea) 6 December 2013 Kick-off meeting/workshop in Paris (France) 1-5 September 2014 Workshop/events during the WWW in Stockholm (Sweden) May 2015 IHA Congress in Beijing (China) April th WWF in Daegu & Gyeongbuk (Republic of Korea) 8-12 June 2015 ICOLD Symposium in Stavanger (Norway) October 2015 Hydro2015 in Bordeaux (France) December 2015 COP21 in Paris (France) An international multi-disciplinary Steering Committee to guide the project and other international contributing entities (review, comments) Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 16

17 CONTEXT: HYDROPOWER AND MULTIPURPOSE More than ¾ of the large dams/reservoirs do not have hydro as a purpose Single = 74% Hydro = 20% 75% of large dams/ reservoirs do not have hydro Multi = 26% Hydro = 39% Hydropower reservoirs often contribute to other purposes Irrigation Drinking water supply Navigation, Flood control, Drought mitigation, Recreational activities, Fisheries/ aquaculture, Environmental services Etc. Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 17

18 THE SHARE CONCEPT: A SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS Sharing the water uses of multipurpose hydropower reservoirs should rely on the following principles Shared vision, shared resource, shared responsibilities, shared rights & risks, shared costs & benefits SHARE CONCEPT S SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH FOR ALL USERS H HIGHER EFFICIENCY AND EQUITY AMONG SECTORS A ADAPTABILITY FOR ALL SOLUTIONS R RIVER BASIN PERSPECTIVES FOR ALL E ENGAGING ALL STAKEHOLDERS Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 18

19 THIS CONSULTATIVE AND PARTICIPATIVE FRAMEWORK HAS ONE MAIN DELIVERABLE 132 pages The multipurpose water uses of hydropower reservoirs Shared vision, Shared resource, Shared responsibilities, Shared rights and risks, Shared costs and benefits S ustainability approach for all users H igher efficiency, equity among sectors A daptability for all solutions Main document (39 pages) Provides key messages Principles Shared resource, shared vision, shared responsibilities, shared rights and risks, shared costs and benefits SHARE concept Boxes with examples of good international practices backed-up by case studies to support statements Annexes (93 pages) Provides 12 detailed case studies that were analysed worldwide highlighting at least 1 of the SHARE concept items There are no one-size fits all but these examples proposes guidance for particular issues of multipurpose water reservoirs R iver basin perspectives for all E ngaging all stakeholders Full report Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 19

20 12 CASE STUDIES WERE SELECTED TO FIND GUIDANCE TO ADDRESS PARTICULAR ISSUES OF MULTIPURPOSE Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 20

21 ENGAGING ALL STAKEHOLDERS Shared vision, Shared resource, Shared responsibilities, Shared rights and risks, Shared costs and benefits Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 21

22 EXAMPLE: THE DURANCE-VERDON VALLEYS IN FRANCE Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 22

23 DESCRIPTION OF THE DURANCE-VERDON 2 seasonal reservoirs with important storage capacity Serre-Ponçon : 1,200 hm 3 Sainte Croix : 300 hm 3 Watershed area: : 11,700 km² Average flow: 180 m 3 /s (min. 30 m 3 /s) Flash flood: 2,700 to 6,000 m 3 /s (1994/1882) Source EDF, dams 21 power plants 2,000 MW (peak) 6,500 GWh/yr 250 km channel Cadarache Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 23

24 TYPICAL FILLING CURVE OF SERRE-PONCON RESERVOIR Source EDF, 2016 Drinking Water Hydropower Agriculture Tourism Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 24

25 WATER SAVING CONVENTION: A WIN-WIN SOLUTION Multi-purpose project : Hydropower (renewable energy) Source EDF, 2016 Irrigation : total annual withdrawal of about 1,800 Mm 3 (which among 450 Mm 3 are stored in the 2 reservoirs and guaranteed) 150,000 ha of irrigated lands Drinking Water Nowadays, 150 to 200 M annual turnover from Tourism (fishing, sailing, water-skiing, swimming, cycling, ) Water Saving Convention : between EDF and 2 main irrigators (6-year period) 2000: first Convention Water saving target : 44 Mm : first additional agreement Water saving target : 65 Mm : second additional agreement Water saving target : 90 Mm 3 - Remuneration by EDF for the saved water with incentives to outreach the targets Result Agricultural water consumption decreased from 310 Mm 3 in 1997 to 201 Mm 3 in 2006 And the winners are : hydropower generator, irrigators, tourisms, and environment Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 25

26 THE R2D2 PROJECT: WATER INFRASTRUCTURES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & RESILIENCE Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 26

27 VALUE CREATION DURANCE-VERDON VALLEYS Spatial distribution of values linked to the hydraulic operation group of the Durance and Verdon Valleys Source EDF, 2015 Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 27

28 VALUE CREATION DURANCE-VERDON VALLEYS Source EDF, 2015 Temporal distribution of values linked to the hydraulic operation group of the Durance and Verdon Valleys Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 28

29 SOME CONCLUDING REMARKS Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 29

30 TAKE-AWAY MESSAGES... The Watergy is very important Water should be shared in a sustainable way among users Sustainability approach for all users Customise the governance model to local context according to strong and best practises requirements Use an ecosystems based approach for the reservoir design and operation Higher efficiency and equity among sectors Put economic analysis at the very centre throughout the process for better cross-sectoral collaboration Recognize, quantify and optimize all benefits and value created at reservoirs for all multi-purpose water users Adaptability for all solutions Incorporate flexibility options for design and operation of reservoir to be able to adapt to the evolution of social & environmental requirements, climate change, etc. Address mitigation of sedimentation issue on a multi-stakeholder approach River basin perspectives for all Map and understand all the river basin implications for any prospective development to enhance regional cooperation in a sustainable way Negotiate and set priorities/water allocation among water uses and environmental sector at basin, cascade and reservoir levels Engaging all stakeholders Initiate the dialogue and foster participative approach for co-construction since early stages Make the information accessible, timely, understandable, usable and useful Emmanuel BRANCHE 9 December 2016 DAUTREPPE Demain l énergie 30

31 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!