A COMPREHENSIVE REPORT ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT BY USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY - A MODEL STUDY

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 13, December 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_13_081 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed A COMPREHENSIVE REPORT ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT BY USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY - A MODEL STUDY G. Venu Ratna Kumari Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. M. Satish Kumar Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Chowdavaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT Water is the second essential component after the air for survival of any living organism on the earth, and now its existence becomes a big problematic issue due to over lifting of water from the ground as well as excessive consumption of water for various activities such as industrial needs, maintenance of public areas, washing streets etc, especially in municipal urban areas it becomes a an un inevitable problem as the population is increasing year by year due to migration of people from rural areas to urban areas for quality of life. On the other side the groundwater aquifers are depleting at an alarm rate due to the unpredictable climatic changes such as long summer periods and short monsoon seasons as well as concrete flooring of ground in the urban areas inhibits natural percolation of water in to the deeper ground, even though our country has largest water resource hub but unable to utilize as major quantity is existed in the form of oceans. By keeping this in view we have initiated this study as part of protecting groundwater quality and its management with advanced technology like geospatial technology to promote sustainable development. Key words: Municipal, Groundwater, Aquifers, concrete flooring, Geo spatial technology Cite this Article: G. Venu Ratna Kumari and M. Satish Kumar, A Comprehensive Report on Groundwater Quality Monitoring and Management by Using Geospatial Technology - A Model Study, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 9(13), 2018, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 A Comprehensive Report on Groundwater Quality Monitoring and Management by Using Geospatial Technology - A Model Study 1. INTRODUCTION In the total availability of water 97% of water is salt water in the form Oceans, 2% as polar ice caps and the remaining one percentage is fresh water to meet various demands of water it flows at different frequencies in to water-bearing formations (aquifers) based on the geological conditions that are existed and tend to pollute due to unscientific handling of waste water once it got contaminated it is very difficult and even impossible to restore the groundwater. Worldwide nearly one fifth of global population suffering with unavailability of safe drinking water. As per the statement from United Nations Population Fund, with in seventy years the world population has tripled where as the consumption of water increased for six-fold, and in the coming twenty five years approximately one-third of the world s population will face problems with respect to quality and the quantity of water. Coming to India as the population is increasing rapidly there is a severe stress on availability of groundwater to meet the demand of water for various daily needs of the public. So in order to overcome all these issues there must be a proper management on consumption of water as well as on proper methodology for protected water supply to the public. 2. DISCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA Figure 1 Location map of the study area. Vijayawada is the third largest commercial city of Andhra Pradesh, with an area of km2. The city municipal limits has a population of 1,048,240 (2013 Census) it lies at Coordinates of N& E, after the division of united Andhra Pradesh into two sates the city was announced as the capital of newly formed state of Andhra Pradesh which became prime reason for rapid developmental activities by making city as centre point at this contest the quality and the quantity of groundwater is depleting rapidly to meet the demand of water, in order to identify the exact scenario and also to predict the future conditions of groundwater we have initiated this as pilot study by selecting fifteen locations by covering all the corners of the city. 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: Preparation of thematic maps using Survey of India toposheet and satellite imagery. Collection of ground water samples at different locations editor@iaeme.com

3 G. Venu Ratna Kumari and M. Satish Kumar Assessment of quality of ground water samples Correlation of water quality with respect to the standards. Identification of recharge structure sites & locating the wells in a particular area using GIS application. Preparation of final ground water prospectus maps Integrating of spatial data and attribute database on ARC/VIEW & GIS Platform. 4. METHODOLOGY Figure 2 Flow chart showing Step by step procedure SOI (Survey of India) toposheet, collection of two season s satellite data for preparing thematic layers. Satellite data of PAN (Panchromatic) and LISS-III (Linear Image Self Scanner) are geometrically corrected and enhanced. Then both PAN and LISS III data are merged using principal component method and Cubic Convolution resampling technique. Finally satellite imagery is printed in FCC in 1:50,000 scale after map composition. Preparation of basic themes like base map, groundwater table map editor@iaeme.com

4 A Comprehensive Report on Groundwater Quality Monitoring and Management by Using Geospatial Technology - A Model Study Visual interpretation techniques are adopted for updating thematic maps with reference to satellite image by Necessary corrections are carried out for all the prepared maps. By correlating field observations thematic layers re finalized. Ground water prospects map is prepared by taking considering of geomorphology and Lithology maps. Final quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all the maps prepared. All the maps prepared are converted into soft copy by digitization. Report was prepared with generation of report, graphics, Layout preparation for A4 size, editing / composition and preparation of annexure. Arc view project file with hotlink to all thematic maps will be prepared. Final deliverables in soft copy format for submission will be prepared 5. ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY Samples are collected from the selected fifteen location of the study area All the samples are collected from the bore wells To identify the nature of groundwater with respect to its quality we have done the tests for the parameters like P H conductivity, TDS, TS, Chlorides, and Hardness. At every area five samples are collected and the average value has taken in to consideration for final approximate value. All the tests are conducted by using standard analytical methods Figure 3 Sampling locations of the study area editor@iaeme.com

5 G. Venu Ratna Kumari and M. Satish Kumar

6 A Comprehensive Report on Groundwater Quality Monitoring and Management by Using Geospatial Technology - A Model Study Figure 4 Phyicico-chemical analysis maps of groundwater in vijayawada city 5.1. Results and discussions All the tested parameters of water quality at all the locations of t study area are within the permissible levels. GIS map is prepared by incorporating complete analysis of water quality Continues monitoring must be there for identifying the water quality as it tends to influence greatly by the activities of the people as well as due to atmospheric conditions. GIS & Remote Sensing serves as powerful computational tools for integration of maps. This study has shown that use of GIS is very much useful for easy interpretation of results. Deep bore wells should be prohibited to avoid over lifting of water Proper monitoring must be encouraged on installations of private bore holes to be set up To avoid wastage and water and water theft strict monitoring must be there by providing meter facilities to quantify the water consumption. Perfect and suitable distribution system must be adopted by considering geographical conditions that are existed at study area editor@iaeme.com

7 G. Venu Ratna Kumari and M. Satish Kumar Awareness must be created by conducting seminars and workshops in association with NGO S and public sector people Industries must be monitored periodically to encourage Zero effluent discharge. REFERENCES [1] Lillesand M Thomas and Ralph w keiferi, remote sensing and image interpretation, John wiley and sons, Newyork, [2] M. Anji Reddy, Text book of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information systems, Second edition, B.S Publications, Hyderabad, [3] Mishra H.C, Introduction To Satellite Remote Sensing, GIS India,1998. [4] Y. Anjaneyulu, Introduction to Environmental Science, Edition, B.S Publications, Hyderabad, [5] An investigative study on water quality distribution in the zones of municipal corporation by using remote sensing and GIS, M.V Raju,,M.Satish Kumar, G.Venu Ratna kumari, and S.ramesh babu published in International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Volume No: 9. Issue No: 6, June 2018, pp , ISSN: [6] A Synoptically representation of potentiality of groundwater by using geospatial technology G.Venu Ratna kumari, M.Satish Kumar, M.V Raju, and Hepsiba palivela published in International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Volume No: 9. Issue No: 1, January 2018, pp , ISSN: [7] Sustainable management of groundwater resources using geospatial technology M.V Raju. G.Venu Ratna kumari, M.Satish Kumar, D.V.Naresh kumar published in International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, Volume No: 8. Issue No: 9, September 2017, pp , ISSN: [8] Srivastava, A.K., and Sinha, D.K., Water quality index for River Sai Raebareli for the premonsoon period and after the onset of monsoon, Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, Vol-14, No. 5, , [9] Principles and practice of highway engineering by Dr. kadiyali L.L [10] Manual of Land use / Land cover mapping using Satellite imagery, Part I and II, National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space, Govt. of India, 1989 [11] Water Supply Engineering Santosh Kumar Garg, Khanna Publications, [12] Steffen Mehl, Mary C.Hill, ELSEVIER, Development and Evaluation of Local Grid Refinement Method For Block-Centered Finite-Difference Groundwater Models Using Shared Nodes. Advances In Water Resources 25, (2002) [13] Evaluation of groundwater pattern in block cotton soils using geospatial technology A Model study, M.Satish Kumar, M.V Raju. and G.Venu Ratna kumari published in International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume No: 8. Issue No: 05, May 2017, pp ISSN: [14] Interpretation and correlative study of water simulation in surface water bodies, M.Satish Kumar M. V Raju. S.Ramesh babu and M.Siva Jagadeesh kumar published in International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume No: 8. Issue No: 05, May 2017, pp , ISSN: [15] Comprehensive index of groundwater prospects by using standard protocols A model study, M.Satish Kumar M.V Raju., and Hepsiba palivela published in International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume No: 8. Issue No: 05, May 2017 pp ISSN: editor@iaeme.com