NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN TODAY S ENVIRONMENT. By: Abe Smith & Alexea Neisen

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1 NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN TODAY S ENVIRONMENT By: Abe Smith & Alexea Neisen

2 What Pictures Come To Your Mind Environmental Issues

3 Environmental Issues We Face Today

4 Groundwater Contamination Concerns

5 Missouri River Basins

6 Missouri HUC 8 Hydrological Unit Code -66 HUC s in Missouri

7 Tiles Lines and Surface Runoff

8 Current Climate Changes

9 Temperature Change by Decade

10 Observed Increases in Frost Free Season

11 Observed Changes in Very Heavy Precipitation

12 Observed U.S. Trends In Heavy Precipitation

13 Projected Precipitation Changes By Season + Winter + Spring - Summer + Fall

14 Weather Trends Indicate Slightly warmer temperatures - favors nitrification Increased frost freeze days -opportunity to apply fertilizer earlier - favors nitrification and denitrification More frequent heavy rainfall - favors leaching and denitrification Timing of our rainfall -more rain early and less mid-summer - favors nitrification, leaching and dentirification

15 Mississippi River Basin 15 Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow. Instinct is not registered for sale or use in all states. Contact your state pesticide regulatory agency to determine if a product is registered for sale or use in your state. Always read and follow label directions Dow AgroSciences LLC

16 Nitrogen Usage 16 Presented by: Eric Scherder U.S. N. Crops: Data Review Protocol: NA11C1A009 Date: Jan 21, 2013 Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow. Instinct II is not registered for sale or use in all states. Contact your state pesticide regulatory agency to determine if a product is registered for sale or use in your state. Always read and follow label directions Dow AgroSciences LLC

17 What Causes Hypoxia Formation 17 Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow. Instinct is not registered for sale or use in all states. Contact your state pesticide regulatory agency to determine if a product is registered for sale or use in your state. Always read and follow label directions Dow AgroSciences LLC

18 Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Zone Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow. Instinct is not registered for sale or use in all states. Contact your state pesticide regulatory agency to determine if a product is registered for sale or use in your state. Always read and follow label directions Dow AgroSciences LLC

19 Des Moines Water Works sues three Iowa counties Des Moines Register Sac, Buena Vista, Calhoun Counties Des Moines Water Works filed a lawsuit against three northwestern Iowa counties that manage drainage districts with high concentrations of nitrates. Water Works officials say the nitrates, which flow into the Raccoon River, threaten the city's water quality. The Board of Water Works Trustees voted to move forward with the lawsuit

20 City of Columbia Water and Light

21 Missouri Nutrient Reduction Strategy 2014

22 Statement of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the Missouri CleanWater Commission Meeting January 6, 2016 EPA met with MDNR and stakeholders a few weeks ago and expressed concerns that the numeric criteria, as currently drafted, will not be sufficiently protective of the applicable drinking water or aquatic life uses and thus may not ultimately be approvable. The details of the EPA s technical concerns were shared, as well as recommendations for alternative criteria as a path forward. These concerns should be considered in light of EPA s receipt of the November 6, 2015 Notice of Intent to Sue from the Missouri Coalition for the Environment. As you know, the Coalition argues that EPA has failed to perform its mandatory duty under the CleanWater Act to promptly propose and promulgate protective numeric nutrient criteria to replace the state s criteria that EPA disapproved over four years ago, in 2011; this disapproval has yet to be resolved by the state.

23 The Fertilizer Institute 4R s for Nutrient Stewardship Right Source Ensure a balanced supply of essential nutrients, considering both naturally available sources and the characteristics of specific products, in plant available forms. Right Rate Assess and make decisions based on soil nutrient supply and plant demand. Right Time Assess and make decisions based on the dynamics of crop uptake, soil supply, nutrient loss risks, and field operation logistics. Right Place Address root-soil dynamics and nutrient movement, and manage spatial variability within the field to meet site-specific crop needs and limit potential losses from the field.

24 Letter signed by 20 Ag Associations: Agriculture must begin immediately to reduce nutrient runoff in a manner that can be documented. If this can t be accomplished voluntarily, it will be imposed mandatorily.

25 IA Nutrient Reduction Strategy

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29 Ammonium Corn plants can utilize both NH4+ and NO3- A combination of both forms improves overall plant growth Plants that take up Ammonium ( NH4+) can convert directly to amino acids; Carbohydrates, Starches, Sugars, and Proteins

30 NH 4 and NO 3 Ions in the Soil

31 NitrapyrinStops the Conversion Process of Nitrogen Fertilizer Ammonium + Trademarks of Dow AgroSciences LLC Instinct and N-Serveare not registered for sale or use in all states. Contact your state pesticide regulatory agency to determine if a product is registered for sale or use in your state. Do not fallapply anhydrous ammonia south of Highway 16 in the state of Illinois. DOW Always RESTRICTED read and follow label directions Dow AgroSciences LLC

32 NITROGEN FERTILIZER ADDITIVES, WHICH ONES WORK? R. Jay Goos, Department of Soil Science, School of Natural Resource Sciences North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108;

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37 Fall Applications: N-Serve: Length of Activity A general rule-of-thumb is that when applied with anhydrous ammonia after soil temperatures drop below 55 F (10 am 4 inch deep temperature), N-Serve provides 90 days of activity. Days are counted from application until temperatures drop below 40 F. Then the counting starts again in the spring when soil temperatures warm above 40 F.

38 Spring Applications: N-Serve: Length of Activity Expect 8 weeks of activity from an April 15th application, 7 weeks from a May 1st application, and 6 weeks from a May 15th application. For late winter and early spring applications, expect activity to extend until about June 15th.

39 Nutrient Uptake in Corn by Stage of Growth N P K Days after Planting Growth Stage lbs. per acre per day High Waist High Ear Development Silking Pollinating Black Layer Mengle & Barber, Purdue University

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41 West Liberty, Iowa 3,500 Gal/Acre Swine Manure 12/4/08 3,500 Gal/Acre Swine Manure + 52 oz Instinct Applied 12/4/08 Instinct: 2-4 in. taller and Greener

42 Photos four weeks later: Instinct treated corn TALLER

43 Results from the Field Spring Applied N-Serve Picture taken: Spring Applied AA Corn on Corn Applied pounds Eddyville, Iowa N-Serve No N- Serve bu/a

44 Spring-applied NH3, Polk County, IA 160# NH3 w/ N-Serve

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48 Questions... THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!