Windgas and the Energy Transition

Transcription

1 Windgas and the Energy Transition A Renewable Long Term Storage Option for Security of Energy Supplies and Sectoral Coupling Conference on Sectoral Coupling French Embassy, Berlin, 28. Februar 2017 Sönke Tangermann, Greenpeace Energy eg Seite 1

2 Greenpeace Energy eg Who we are Founded by Greenpeace Germany in 1999 Green Energy Provider Clean Energy for our customers and pushing the Energy Transition Energy Cooperative, not oriented towards maximisation of profits members Approx customers Clean electricity (ca. 400 GWh/a) prowindgas (ca. 150 GWh/a) Planning and operation of RE plants wholly owned subsidiary Planet energy wind farms, PV power plants, elektrolyzers Greenpeace Energy eg 2017 Seite 2

3 Why and how we work for Windgas Because Windgas is indispensable for a successful energy transition. What Greenpeace Energy does: Scientific research. Lobbying. Raise public awareness. prowindgas as a market maker : Product that mixes natural gas with a (small) share of Windgas (hydrogen); Customers pay 0,4 ct/kwh premium. Installation / operation of electrolysers. Purchase of Windgas from electrolyzers in possession of others. Greenpeace Energy eg 2017 Seite 3

4 Our new PEM electrolyzer in Haßfurt (Bavaria) Silyzer 200 by Siemens, 1,25 MWp, in operation since October 2016 Greenpeace Energy eg 2017 Seite 4

5 Windgas: how it works Windgas in the electricity sector the principle: Electricity grid Wind power, electricity demand higher than feed-in Wind power, electricity demand / grid capacity lower than feed-in Electrolyzer Natural gas grid Gas power plant Weak wind only, electricity demand exceeds feed-in Use of hydrogen: heat sector, chemical industry, H 2 -/E-mobility Natural gas Greenpeace Energy eg 2017 Seite 5

6 Percentage of primary energy consumption Windgas and Energy Transition Consequences of the Paris Climate Treaty for Germany Non-RES Energy consumption of all sectors must go down to Zero asap. Energy efficency must increase dramatically. Renewables Necessary speed for successful energy transion Use non-electricity Renewables as much as ecologically viable. Energy transition finished (current speed) Still electricity consumption will double % RES compulsory. Greenpeace Energy eg / HTW Berlin 2016 Seite 6

7 Paris Climate Treaty and the German electricity sector: End of coal: 2030 Greenpeace Energy eg / HTW Berlin 2016 Seite 7

8 The challenge: securing energy supply Greenpeace Energy eg / FHG IWES 2016 Seite 8

9 The more renewable energies, the more electricity surplus 296 GW RE capacity 154 TWh/a electricity surplus Greenpeace Energy eg 2016 Seite 9

10 Storage capacities in a 100 per cent renewables scenario: Storage facilities for Windgas are well distributed all over Germany: Storage capacities for Windgas Hydrogen (H 2 ) and Methane (CH 4 ) in caverns, porous layers and the gas grid are enormous almost 350 TWh (combined). By converting Windgas back to electricity in highly efficient gas power plants, the energy supply for all relevant sectors of the German economy could last for up to three month without wind and solar power generation Quelle: Michael Sterner / OTH Regensburg Greenpeace Energy eg 2016 Seite 11

11 Securing energy supplies: Windgas system as a Residual Power Plant 76 GW Gas power plants using renewable Gas (Windgas etc) Assumption: full load hours/y, 60 % efficiency 80 GW Electrolyzers Assumption: full load hours/y, 80 % H2-efficiency (+ 75 % CH4-efficiency) Speed of installation of electrolyzers in Germany : 1 GW/a : 2 GW/a : 4 GW/a : 8 GW/a GW Greenpeace Energy eg Seite 12

12 Phase-out of Nuclear Power Plants in Germany NPP In operation Remaining period Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2016 Seite 13

13 12,70 Windgas and Energy Transition Grid stability: System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) After Fukushima: Nuclear phase out 2015 Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2016 Seite 14

14 Electricity supply comparison Windgas / Hinkley Point C Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2016 Seite 15

15 Compensation of wind power fluctuations with Windgas Electricity surplus HPC peak power lev el Wind pow er Electricity / Windgas Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2016 Seite 16

16 Subsidies and costs respectivley accumlated over 35 years in Billion EUR Windgas and Energy Transition Total cost: comparison Hinkley Point C vs. Windgas system Costs Gas Pow er Plants Costs Electrolyzers / Methanation Costs Facilitation Wind pow er onshore Subsidies / State aid for Hinkley Point C Wind power & Windgas Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2016 Seite 17

17 Evaluation of Results Costs Hinkley Point C (HPC): Costs Windgas as Alternative: 120,30 /MWh 110,51 /MWh Conservative assumptions: Windgas system de facto clearly favourable No direct Hydrogen feed-in, costs calculated with fully-fledged Methanation. Costs and construction time for HPC according to plans (contrary to experience). No cost degression for Wind power production calculated (contrary to experience). Gas fired power plants: No operation time other than for electricity production from Windgas assumed. No cost degression through adoption of other, less expensive flexibility options assumed. No backup capacity for Hinkley Point C added. No costs for nuclear waste storage and deconstruction of HPC added. Greenpeace Energy eg 2016 Seite 19

18 Windgas makes the Energy Transition less expensive The German energy system in the year 2050 with Windgas will be 11,7 to 17,4 billion less expensive than without Windgas Without Windgas With Windgas, electricity costs 35 /MWh With Windgas, electricity costs 0 /MWh Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool / FENES 2015 Seite 20

19 Feed-in-volume management (EinsMan) 2015 and potential utilization Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2017 Seite 22

20 Electricity surplus: use it or throttle it? No Feed-in-Management (EinsMan): use of electricity (= EEG-Strom; reimbursement through German Renewable Energy Law) EEG account EEG apportionment Electricity grid operator Network charges Consumer EEG Market premium EEG Power Plant operator Electricity Electricity exchange Electricity price Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2017 Seite 23

21 Electricity surplus: use it or throttle it? EinsMan: EEG-Strom wird wegen Netzengpass nicht genutzt EEG apportion ment Network charge Compensation 95 % or more EEG payments reduced Increased Network charges through additional compensation by grid operators to RES-operators Consumer pays less EEG apportionments but increased Network charge Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2017 Seite 24

22 Electricity surplus: don t throttle it, use it! EinsMan: electrolyzer goes into operation, EEG electricity used EEG account EEG apportionment Electricity grid operator Consumer Compensation 95 % or more EEG Market premium Price of EinsMan- Strom Electrolyzer mitigates / deactivates grid bottleneck (hydrogen production) RE pow er plant operator Electricity Heat Mobility Gas Direct use in chem. industy Electricity exchange / markets EEG electrity (EinsMan-Strom) used increases acceptance of EEG system Electricity grid operator receives payment from electrolyzer 3. Consumers pay less through reduced Network charges 4. Sectoral coupling initiated and strengthened Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2017 Seite 25

23 Summary Windgas is indispensable for a successful Energy Transition with 100 % Renewables 100 % Renewables achievable only with Windgas 100 % Renewables: Security of energy supply only with Windgas as long term storage option Renewable Hydrogen substitutes fossile energies in sectors traffic, heat, industry. Windgas helps lowering costs of Energy Transition and energy system as a whole. Methodical increase of Windgas electrolyser capacities starting no later than 2020 Requirement for necessary quick phase out of power generation with coal fired plants Renewable Hydrogen ecologically worthwhile for use in various sectors of economy Without fair framework Windgas will be applicable only in niche markets Make use of EEG-Strom instead of throttling it EinsMan electrolysers ready for the task Use of electricity surplus (EEG-Strom) boosts acceptance of Renewable Energy Law system Consumers pay less for EEG-Strom (reduced Network charges) Carbon dioxide emissions in German energy sector reduced significantly Economic stimulus for sectoral coupling Economic stimulus for long term storage option (Windgas or Power to Gas) Greenpeace Energy eg 2017 Seite 26

24 Merci beaucoup pour votre attention! Sönke Tangermann Vorstand Greenpeace Energy eg Seite 27

25 Utilization of EinsMan-Strom and its effect on costs Production costs of renewable Hydrogen reduced by 50 per cent Greenpeace Energy eg / Energy Brainpool 2017 Seite 28