Why do we Need a New Knowledge Base for Goal Oriented Waste Management?

Transcription

1 NEWA 2008 Why do we Need a New Knowledge Base for Goal Oriented Waste Management? Paul H. Brunner Vienna University of Technology Institute for Water Quality, Ressource and Waste Management Paul H. Brunner 1/16 NEWA 2008

2 What is a knowledge base for goal oriented waste management? information i necessary to set up a waste management system 1. wastes mass flow, composition, speciation, properties 2. waste treatment processes transfer coefficients, energy demand, economic data 3. waste management systems goals and hierarchies resources management environmental management Paul H. Brunner 2/16 NEWA 2008

3 Goal oriented waste management 1. Protection of men and environment 2. Conservation of resources 3. Sustainability: solve waste problems here and now > no aftercare Knowledge base must: be tailored to ensure that waste management can reach these goals supply information for the design, operation and control of waste management systems on both micro and macroeconomic level Paul H. Brunner 3/16 NEWA 2008

4 Why do we need a new knowledge base level of wastes Increasing complexity of products and waste composition (expl. IT products) 15 Elements 60 Elements 11 Elements Source: T. McManus, Intel Corp., 2006 (Courtesy T. Graedel) Paul H. Brunner 4/16 NEWA 2008

5 Why do we need a new knowledge base level of processes from low tech to high techwaste treatmentrequiresmore information Hollstein et al 2008 volume mass water content hazards mass energy content C biogenic H, N, Hg, Cd, Cl, PCBs etc. mass, density, volume C, Cl, polyethylene, PVC Fe, Cu, Sb, Cd, Pb, etc. Paul H. Brunner 5/16 NEWA 2008

6 Increasing environmental constraints, expl. incineration energy content, particle size + LoI, WC, C, Fe, fly ash/ bottom ash properties + C biogenic, H, N, Cl, S, N, Hg, dioxins,... nanoparticles? ROSTFEUERUNG ELEKTROFILTER RAUCHGASREINIGUNG DENOXANLAGE Reingas ABHITZEKESSEL Abfall Metallschrott H 2O Kesselasche Schlacke ABWASSER- REINIGUNG Abwasser EF-Asche Wasser basisches Prozesswasser saures Prozesswasser Filterkuchen Paul H. Brunner 6/16 NEWA 2008

7 Process information, neccesary part of knowledgebase(expl. Incineration) MSW Input = 100% cadmium ~20 % flue gas 10% bottom ash % filter ash% MSW Input = 100% cadmium Transfer coefficients <0,02 % flue gas 92+2 % filter ash <1% waste water <1 %filter cake 8+2 %bottom ash Bottom ash Filter ash Flue gas Paul H. Brunner 7/16 NEWA 2008

8 Time series for better waste management Monthly mean values of Cl andcdin MSW determined from products of incineration Cl 20 Cd 8000 /kgfs] concentration [mg/ /kgfs] concentration [mg/ Feb 00 Mai 00 Aug 00 Nov 00 Feb 01 Mai 01 Aug 01 Nov 01 Feb 02 Mai 02 Aug 02 0 Feb 00 Mai 00 Aug 00 Nov 00 Feb 01 Mai 01 Aug 01 Nov 01 Feb 02 Mai 02 Aug 02 Nov 02 Feb 03 Mai 03 Aug 03 time time Source: Morf et al. 2003; Morf et al Paul H. Brunner 8/16 NEWA 2008

9 Selecting parameters for waste characterisation, (expl. MSW incineration) 100 fractio onof import [%] Cl Fe Cu C Zn Cd Hg Pb energy substance flows in MSW as a fraction of total import Paul H. Brunner 9/16 NEWA 2008

10 Better decisions by expanding knowledge base (expl. paper in Austria) Waste paper import 73 Waste paper 191 Production 454 MSW Consumption Industry Household 50 ~0 131 [kg/(c.yr)] 48 kg in 240 kg MSW -> paper content 20% Export 13 Waste paper recycling 118 Data: Austrian Paper Industry, 1996 Paul H. Brunner 10/16 NEWA 2008

11 Better decisions by expanding knowledge base (ex. plastic wastes) Raw material 1,100 Primary processing Duro- and polymers 850 [ kt/yr 1994] IMPORT Intermediate products 990 Plastic products Product manufacturing 600 Plastic products Consumption Stock: 7, Duro- and polymeres Plastic products Intermediate products EXPORT Wastes Regranulate 26 collection, transporting, sorting 49 Wastes 71 Wastes 590 Wastes Recycling Energy Landfill recovery St.: 9, Off gas 59 Sys stem Boundary "Austria" Source: R. Fehringer, 1998 Paul H. Brunner 11/16 NEWA 2008

12 Better decisions by expanding information base (ex. plastic additives) Additives in plastics Total consumption Total stock Packaging material in kt/yr in kt in kt/yr in %* Plastics 1,100 7, Softeners Ba/Cd- stabilizers <1 Pb-stabilizers <1 Fire retardants ~0 * % of total consumption Paul H. Brunner 12/16 NEWA 2008

13 Knowledgebasemust include process information (expl. plastic recycling) Regranulat 85 % Regranulat 73 % Regranulat 49 % LEGENDE egr f be Schmelzefilterrückstand Dickschlamm WASTE Aufgabebandabfall 6% Schmelzefilterrückstand 2 % Dickschlamm 1% Restfraktion 6 % CADMIUM Restfraktion 10 % Aufgabebandabfall 14 % Schmelzefilterrückstand 2 % CHLOR Restfraktion 19 % Aufgabebandabfall 29 % Schmelzefilterrückstand 1% Dickschlamm 1 % Dickschlamm 2% Regranulat 90 % Regranulat 79 % Regranulat 64 % Regranulat 77 % KOHLEN- STOFF Aufgabebandabfall 4 % Schmelzefilterrückstand 2% Restfraktion 4 % BARIUM Aufgabebandabfall 10 % Schmelzefilterrückstand 2% Dickschlamm 0 % Dickschlamm 1 % Restfraktion 8 % BLEI Restfraktion 10 % Aufgabebandabfall 24 % Schmelzefilterrückstand 1% ZINK Aufgabebandabfall 14 % Schmelzefilterrückstand 2% Restfraktion 6 % Dickschlamm 1 % Dickschlamm 1 % Paul H. Brunner 13/16 NEWA 2008

14 Knowledge base allows informed decisions (expl. plastic wm) Plastic waste recycling Plastic waste incineration (MSW) To reuse 73 % Fluegas <1 % flyash 92 % CADMIUM Waste I 14% Waste II 2 % Waste III 1% CADMIUM Waste water <1 % Restfraction 10 % Filter cake <1 % Bottom ash 8 % Paul H. Brunner 14/16 NEWA 2008

15 Economic data necessary for wm knowledge base (expl. lead) recovery co ost US$/100lb Telecom cable Power cable WWpipe 100 Outside homes WWpipe 40 Inside homes Market price 20 Lead accumulators Source: Lohm et al., 1998 Availlable stock [tons] Paul H. Brunner 15/16 NEWA 2008

16 Conclusion: Elements of a wm knowledge base standard definitions of: waste categories > operational character of waste definition! treatment processes, wm systems (incl. systems boundary) data sets (including uncertainty!) on wastes, processes and wm systems: mass flows and waste properties substance concentrations and flows, chemical speciation time series geographic data resource data environmental data economic data: collection and treatment processes wm and resource systems implementation: ownership, management, transparency, availability Paul H. Brunner 16/16 NEWA 2008

17 Thank you Paul H. Brunner 17/16 NEWA 2008