LIGHTING Common terminology 2. Sources & luminaires 3. Controls

Transcription

1 LIGHTING Common terminology 2. Sources & luminaires 3. Controls

2 DISCUSSION: COMMON LIGHTING TERMINOLOGY 1. What are the definitions of the following lighting terms? 2. Do you use these terms in professional practice? 3. What other lighting terminology do you use on the job? LUMINOUS FLUX EFFICACY FLUX ILLUMINANCE CCT FOOTCANDLE EFFICIENCY LUMINOUS INTENSITY CRI 10/7/2013 SLIDE 25 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

3 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY Luminous flux: rate of flow of visible light emitted from a light source over time, measured in lumens (lm). Lux: equal to one lumen per square meter. Luminous flux is analogous to the flow rate of water, represented by gallons per hour. Footcandle: equal to one lumen per square foot (1 footcandle = 10 lux). Illuminance: the amount of luminous flux that covers a surface (measured in lux or footcandles). 10/7/2013 SLIDE 26 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

4 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY 10/7/2013 SLIDE 27 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

5 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY Luminous Intensity: the concentration of light emitted from a given source in a particular direction, measured in candela (cd) (1 cd = 1 lm per steradian). *Note: color represents intensity not CCT or CRI 10/7/2013 SLIDE 28 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

6 Output EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY Efficiency: the ratio between the useful output of energy and the input of energy. Luminous Efficacy compares the amount of light produced by a lamp (lumens), to amount of power consumed to produce it (watts). A high-efficacy luminaire provides a large amount of light using little power. Light Produced (lm) Power consumed (W) Input 10/7/2013 SLIDE 29 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

7 EFFICIENCY AND EFFICACY Efficiency is usually dimensionless we compare the lumens exiting a fixture to the lumens produced by the light source. Efficacy is normally used where input and output units differ. We compare the lumens produced by an amount of wattage. Which is more efficient? Efficiency = miles/gallon (energy out, energy in) Which has a higher efficacy? Efficacy = fun/gallon 10/7/2013 SLIDE 30 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

8 CCT Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) A specification of the color appearance of light emitted by a lamp, relating its color to the color of light from a source when heated to a particular temperature. CCT rating for a lamp is a general warmth or coolness measure of its appearance. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 31 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

9 WARM COOL CCT EXAMPLES Photo: Cree Photo: Soraa Photo: Cree Photo: Soraa Photo: Acuity Brands 10/7/2013 SLIDE 32 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

10 DYNAMIC SPD LUMINAIRES 12000K, 65fc average 6000K, 100fc average 3500K, 50fc average 2900K, 50fc average 10/7/2013 SLIDE 33 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

11 80 CRI 95 CRI CRI Color Rendering Index (CRI) Measures the ability of a light source to reproduce the colors of various objects compared with an ideal light source. Photo: Soraa 10/7/2013 SLIDE 34 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

12 CRI Color Rendering Index (CRI) Color rendering is defined as Effect of an illuminant on the color appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their color appearance under a reference illuminant (CIE ) It is the only color rendering metric with wide spread acceptance It is calculated by comparing the color appearance of the test source to a reference source for 8 reflective samples (Score from 1 100) CRI = 62 CRI = 93 CRI = 80 CRI = 92 10/7/2013 SLIDE 35 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

13 LIGHTING FACTS LABEL 10/7/2013 SLIDE 36 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

14 CA QUALITY STANDARD The California Energy Commission adopted a voluntary lighting quality specification for LED replacement lamps. The new standard requires LED lamps to meet certain performance criteria in order to qualify for incentive programs and rebates. These criteria include: CRI > 90 4-step MacAdam Ellipse CCT 2700K or 3000K Dimming Flicker reduction R9 > 50 5 year warranty The specification was developed in collaboration with the CPUC. The CPUC will direct the IOUs to ensure their 2014 energy efficiency portfolios only provide rebates for screw-based LED products that meet the quality specification. Energy Star Applies To CFLs + LEDs LEDs Only CA Standard Test Criteria See documentation Same as Energy Star Luminous Efficacy Omnidirectional <10: 55 lm/w None Omnidirectional >10: 60 lm/w None Directional <10: 40 lm/w None Directional >10: 45 lm/w None Decorative <10: 45 lm/w None Decorative >10: 50 lm/w None Lumen Maintenance 80% of output at 40% of life None >25,000 hour rated life >91.5% of output None Elevated Temperatures >90% of lumens None Center Beam Intensity See documentation Same as Energy Star CCT 7-step M.E. of: 2700K, 3000K, 3500K, 4000K, 4100K, 5000K Color Consistency None None CRI >80 >90 R9 >0 >50 4-step M.E. of: 2700K or 3000K Color Maintenance on CIE 1976; 0 6,000hrs Same as Energy Star Rapid Cycle Testing 5 on/5 off, 15,000 cycles None Transient Protection 7 strikes of 100 khz ring wave None Lamp Toxics See documentation None Thermal Requirements Operate at < 0 deg. F None Color Uniformity See documentation Same as Energy Star Dimmability % continuous Same as Energy Star Flicker Flicker index <0.15 at 100Hz None Noise <24 dba None Rated Life Residential >25,000 hrs Same as Energy Star Commercial >35,000 hrs Same as Energy Star Decorative >15,000 hrs Same as Energy Star Power Factor All >0.7 All > 0.9 Lamp Labeling Manufacturer, model number, CCT, wattage, lumen output Same as Energy Star Lamp Packaging See documentation Same as Energy Star Warranty 1 year 5 years 10/7/2013 SLIDE 37 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

15 DISCUSSION: CCT & CRI Balancing quality and efficacy 1. What are your preferred CCTs? Home Dining out Work Shopping Photo Credit: Cree Photo: Eaton s Cooper Lighting Business 10/7/2013 SLIDE 38 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

16 DISCUSSION: CCT & CRI 1. What could be the impacts of CRI or CCT in an office lighting design? 2. What could be the impacts of CRI or CCT in a retail lighting design? 3. What factors are there to consider for these applications to balance energy use and occupant needs? Photo: Friendly Light 10/7/2013 SLIDE 39 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

17 BREAK 5 minute beverage refill and stretch

18 TWO MAIN STRATEGIES FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING Efficacious luminaires Lighting fixtures that are designed and built to operate only energy-efficient light sources, such as fluorescent T8 lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Controls Occupancy sensors, vacancy sensors, motion sensors, and daylight sensors are all devices that automatically turn lights off (or dim them) in response to conditions that they sense or see. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 41 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

19 SOURCES & LUMINIARES Efficacious luminaires Lighting fixtures that are designed and built to operate only energy-efficient light sources, such as fluorescent T8 lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Photo: Cree 10/7/2013 SLIDE 42 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

20 LED Chip: Determines raw brightness and efficacy Lens Phosphor system: Determines color point and color point stability Package / Lens: Protects the chip and phosphor Helps with light and heat extraction Primary in determining LED lifetime LED Chip Phosphor 10/7/2013 SLIDE 43 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

21 Reflector LEDS ARE A DIRECTIONAL SOURCE LED Light is directional and the thermal path is accomplished by conduction (No IR, no UV in the light beam) 10/7/2013 SLIDE 44 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

22 SOLID STATE LIGHTING: ANATOMY OF A LUMINAIRE Heat sink Driver LED array Photo: Cree Optical components 10/7/2013 SLIDE 45 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

23 LED LUMINAIRES Photo: Philips Photo Credit: Philips 10/7/2013 SLIDE 46 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

24 CONTROLS Individual controls Individual controls that are connected only to the luminaires they control can satisfy T-24 requirements. Luminaire integrated controls Fluorescent and LED-based luminaires can be controlled with on-board sensors that are either integrated into a larger system or function alone. Networked Lighting The lighting industry has seen a significant increase in systems on the market to control groups of luminaires. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 47 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

25 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS 10/7/2013 SLIDE 48 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

26 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS Photo: Lutron 10/7/2013 SLIDE 49 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

27 INDIVIDUAL CONTROLS SEC. 3 TECHNOLOGY 10/7/2013 SLIDE 50 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

28 LUMINAIRES WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS 10/7/2013 SLIDE 51 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

29 LUMINAIRE WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS 10/7/2013 SLIDE 52 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

30 LUMINAIRE WITH INTEGRATED CONTROLS 10/7/2013 SLIDE 53 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

31 EXTERIOR LUMINAIRES 10/7/2013 SLIDE 54 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

32 SYSTEMS 10/7/2013 SLIDE 55 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

33 SYSTEMS SEC. 3 TECHNOLOGY 10/7/2013 SLIDE 56 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

34 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY TECHNOLOGY SEC. 3

35 SYSTEMS UC Davis, April 24, 2012: Preliminary data gathered from the pathway leading to the University s Aggie Stadium reports an average energy savings of 60% as compared to a static installation of the same fixture. 10/7/2013 SLIDE 59 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

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37 CRITICAL TERMINOLOGY 10/7/2013 SLIDE 61 SECTION 3 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

38 Photo Credit: Walmart Photo: Wlamart