An Investigation into Suspended Road Dust In Manor Road, Erith. Jon Fox Bexley Council

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1 An Investigation into Suspended Road Dust In Manor Road, Erith Jon Fox Bexley Council

2 Acknowledgements Evelyn Wonnacott Bexley Council Gary Fuller Tim Baker Dr Roy Colvile Antonia Jansz Dr Paul Beckett King s College ERG King s College ERG Imperial College Imperial College RPS Ashdown Environmental

3 Summary Background PM 10 measurements in Manor Road Identifying sources Spatial distribution of PM 10 Quantifying relative contributions Finding solutions

4 Background Bexley typical outer London Borough with a mix of residential and commercial uses

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7 Background Bexley typical outer London Borough with a mix of residential and commercial uses General perception of Manor Road being a dusty area.

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11 Background Bexley typical outer London Borough with a mix of residential and commercial uses General perception of Manor Road being a dusty area Installation of particulate monitoring in Manor Road (TEOM)

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14 Monitoring at Manor Road Very high concentrations of PM10 recorded

15 Monitoring Results For Slade Green (background) and Manor Road Annual Mean PM10 (Gravimetric Equivalent) 50 Concentration (µgm -3 ) National Air Quality Objective Slade Green Belvedere Manor Road Thamesmead Year Chart of Number of Days Where PM10 >= 50µgm-3 (Gravimetric Equivalent) Number of Days National Air Quality Objective Slade Green Belvedere Manor Road Thamesmead Year

16 Monitoring at Manor Road Very high concentrations of PM10 recorded Elevated concentrations when wind blows from the North

17 Pollution Rose Manor Road and Background N W E Manor Road PM10 Background PM S

18 Monitoring at Manor Road Very high concentrations of PM10 recorded Elevated concentrations when wind blows from the North Diurnal pattern reflects industrial activity and traffic movement

19 Diurnal variations Hourly Mean PM to µgm Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Day

20 Identifying Sources Excess PM at monitoring site comes from the North and occurs at the same time as industrial activity and Road transport Analysis of Road dust and PM collected on Filters

21 Histogram to show composition of PM 10 collected in Bexley on a high pollution day % composition 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Na+ Si+ Ca+ Fe+ CaS+ CaAS Particle type FeAS NaAS CaFeAS otheras Carbon Heavy Metals Histogram of the % composition of the industrial and residential road dust Heavy loading (Bexley) 30.00% 25.00% % composition 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% Fe+ Si+ Ca+ CaAS CaFeAS FeAS Particles type NaAS otheras Carbon Heavy Metal Average Industrial residential

22 Histogram to show composition of PM 10 collected in Bexley on a low pollution day 60% % composition 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% Light loading (Bexley) 0% Na+ Si+ Ca+ Fe+ CaS+ CaAS FeAS Particle type NaAS CaFeAS otheras Carbon Heavy Metals Histogram to show composition of PM 10 collected at Bromley (a background site) 80% 70% % composition 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Na+ Si+ Ca+ Fe+ CaS+ CaAS Particle type FeAS NaAS CaFeAS otheras Carbon Heavy Metals Background (Bromley)

23 Identifying Sources Excess PM at monitoring site comes from the North and occurs at the same time as industrial activity and Road transport Analysis of Road dust and PM collected on Filters NOx analyser installed for 3 months to see if excess PM is linked with increased NOx PM10:NOx from other London Sites used to estimate non tail pipe contribution to elevated PM10 concentrations.

24 Weekly Average of Local NOx, and PM10 at Manor Road Hourly Mean NOX (ì g/m 3 ) and PM10 (ì g/m 3 ) Local NOX Local Tailpipe PM10 Local Unaccounted for/non Tail Pipe PM10 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

25 Sources and Sinks

26 Spatial distribution of PM 10 Detailed inventory for every PM source Emission factors for suspended dust on paved roads are available (US EPA AP42) but underestimate when compared to measurements Contribution made by suspended road dust estimated by modelling sources in the inventory, and then increasing PM emission rate from the road until modelled = monitored.

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31 Quantifying the Relative Contributions Sources grouped by type Small contribution made by industry and tailpipe emissions Background and suspended road dust makes large contribution

32 Relative Contributions by Source 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Annual Mean Tailpipe 1.5% Industry 2.2% Road Dust 32.0% Background 64.2%

33 Finding Solutions Standards are unlikely to be achieved without further intervention Need to reduce emission rate of PM from road surface Traffic survey undertaken to assess cleanliness of vehicles using sites in Manor Road

34 Traffic Survey Evaluated cleanliness of wheels and chassis for HGV accessing sites on a 4 level scale clean/normal/heavy/severe Assessments for both entering and leaving sites >80% of vehicles in heavy and severe category were all leaving one site waste transfer/building materials recycling

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37 Action Plan Maintain current road seeping regime (not increase it) Introduce 20mph zone for residential area of Manor Road Stop road surface becoming contaminated - Liaison with the Environment Agency r.e. Waste Licence conditions

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39 Action Plan Maintain current road seeping regime (not increase it) Introduce 20mph zone for residential area of Manor Road Stop road surface becoming contaminated - Liaison with the Environment Agency r.e. Waste Licence conditions

40 Further Work Monitoring at residential facades to evaluate effectiveness of actions (Gravimetric sampler) Imperial College developing model representing the processes involved Tracer study

41 Further information