EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE 3 rd ASEM Seminar on Urban Water Management Urban solutions for global challenges September 2018 Budapest

Transcription

1 EURASIAN WATER CONFERENCE 3 rd ASEM Seminar on Urban Water Management Urban solutions for global challenges September 2018 Budapest

2 III Plenary Session- Integrated Water Management 13 th September, 16:00-17:15 Reuse of Treated Wastewater Under Mediterranean and Dry Climate José Saldanha Matos (President EWA, Professor IST-UL) 2

3 TOPICS INTRODUTION. URBAN WATER CYCLE. GLOBAL. TRENDS AND CHALLENGES. SGD AND CLIMATE CHANGE AGREEMENT WATER REUSE FROM WWTP - CURRENT SITUATION.TENDENCIES. CASE STUDIES IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS: LISBON DRAINAGE MASTER PLAN. SANITATION MASTER PLANS OUT OF EUROPE ( UNDER DRY CLIMATE) FINAL REMAKS. 3

4 Personnal experiencies in Europe, Africa and Asia ( Projects, Capacity Building, and Research Portugal, Europe ( different level of studies for 35 years)( Mediterranean area). Water Suplly and Sanitation Road Maps for kazaquistan and Ubzequistan (ADB); Sanitation and Drainage Master Plans for Maputo, Matola, Tete, and Xai Xai, Mozambique (WB) ; Storm Water Drainage Plans, Luanda,Angola; Water Suply and Sanitation Fogo Island, Cap Vert; Water Supply of Dar-Es-Saleem, Tanzanie (WB); 4

5 URBAN WATER CYCLE. GLOBAL TRENDS AND CHALLENGES.SGD AND CLIMATE CHANGE AGREEMENT 5

6 Urban Water Cycle Integrated water management Circulation, Use, Reuse and Reintegration 6 6 6

7 TRENDS AND CHALLENGES DEMOGHAPHIC GROWTH, PRINCIPALY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES MIGRATION FROM RURAL TO URBAN ZONES (EXPONENTIAL EXPANSION OF UNFORMAL PERI- URBAN AREAS) Population Increase (millions) % Urban/Rural 7

8 INCREASING CONSUMPION OF RESOURCES ; CONTAMINATION RISKS OF WATER SUPLLY SOURCES ; AMBITIOUS LEGISLATION AND COMMITMENTS FOR OF THE WASH SECTOR (VISION, GOALS AND TARGETS) WITHOUT ENOUGH CARE WITH RESOURCES FOR ACHIEVING THE GOALS. CHANGING ENVIRONMENT AND REQUIREMENTS (CLIMATE CHANGE, LAND USE CHANGES, NEW LEGISLATION, ) 8

9 UN 2015 SDG: 17 Goals ; 169 targets 6º SDG dealing with WASH with 7 targets Water related with most of SDG Paris Agreement of Dec 2015 (Climate Change) Adaptation strategies to Climate Change all over 9

10 WATER REUSE FROM WWTP CURRENT SITUATION.TENDENCIES 10

11 SOME FIGURES Global water use has increased by a factor of 6 over the past 100 years and continues to grow at a rate of 1% due to population growth, economic development and changing consumption patterns. World population is expected to increase from 7.7 billions (2017) to between 9.4 and 10.2 billion by 2015, with 2/3 of the population living in cities. More than half of this increase is expected to occur in Africa (+1,7 billions), but also in Asia (+0.75 billions), the second largest contributor. Over the same period ( ) GDP is expected to increase by a factor of 2.5. Global demand for agriculture and energy production are expected to increase, by 2015, 60% and 80% respectively ( UN Water Report 2018). Agriculture accounts for about 70 %, industry for about 20% ( mainly fpr energy production) and domestic uses for 10%. 11

12 EU SITUATION 1/3 of the EU territory already suffers from water stress, and water scarcity is a concern for many EU member states, namely from the South ( Mediterranean Area, PT, SP, FR, IT, GR,CY,..) According to climate change projections, water scarcity will increase and will affect public health, environment and competitiveness of the Market, and not only in the South (Denmark, Sweden, ). Water reuse provides a reliable alternative water supply for various purposes. In Europe, WW reuse is far below its potential even though has lower environmental impacts than desalination and water tranfers (EU,2018). EU Water stress map 12

13 In the context of na integrated approach for water management and climate change adaptation, for example farmers may benefit from a more secure water supply during times of droughts ( reuse is no weather dependent..). In Europe, reuse can reach a magnitude of 6.6 billions m3/year ( as compared to the current baseline of 1,7 billion m3/year), with a cost below 0.5 Eur/m3. Reuse initiatives contribute to the transition to a circular economy and the implementation of SGD 6 on clean water and sanitation. WW reuse ( ) More WW Reuse in Spain and Italy Portugal (just 1.1% WW reuse) 13

14 Significant use of untreated WW for agriculture ( in Asia and Africa). More than 50% of used WW is not treated. 14

15 TREATED WATER ON WWTP MAIN USES USES 15

16 WW REUSE FOR LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION-EXAMPLES WATER REUSE FOR AGRICULTURE - EXAMPLES 16

17 i. Monitoring ii. Evaluation iii. Risk Management Plan EU working on a New Directive Regulation of the EU Parliament and of the Council on Minimum Requirements for Water Reuse (Preliminary draft to be discussed) 18 clauses and annexes Annex I-Uses and Minimum Requirements ( 4 classes, depending on food crops and irrigation methods). Annex 2- Key Risk Management Tasks 17

18 CLASSES OF RECLAIMED WATER QUALITY ( ANNEX 1). 18

19 RECLAIMED WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS FOR AGRICULTURE 19

20 CASE STUDIES IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS: LISBON DRAINAGE MASTER PLAN AND SANITATION MASTER PLAN OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF MAPUTO IN MOZAMBIQUE. 20

21 NOTES FROM THE LISBON DRAINAGE MASTER PLAN 21

22 Lisbon - 3 WWTP ( Alcantara, Beirolas and Chelas), total about 1 million inhabitants. All of them with secondary tretment plus desinfection. WW Reuse within the WWTPs space ( Alcantara: irrigation of 4 ha green roof, Chelas and Beirolas: for landscape irrigation and cleaning purposes) A Strategic Plan is being prepared to expand the WW reuse to different parts of the city. Using the storm drainage tunnels 22

23 LISBON DRAINAGE MASTER PLAN ( ) Different components: Retention basins, source control techniques, flow control structures in overflows, sewer rehabilitation and two major tunnels. Traçado hidráulico 23

24 ETAR Alcântara 24

25 ALCANTARA WWTP STORAGE TANK ( m3) 25

26 Multiuse Tunnel WW reuse essentially for irrigation green areas and for pavement cleaning. Energy production ETAR Installing different utilities ( energy, communications and a 315 mm pipe for water reuse from Alcantara WWTP along the line ) Traçado hidráulico 26

27 DRAINAGE AND SANITATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: CASE STUDY OF THE METRAPOLITAN MAPUTO AREA IN MOZAMBIQUE ( TROPICAL DRY CLIMATE) PROJECT FUNDED BY THE WORD BANK, UNDER THE PROGRAMME CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE 27

28 Main Catchements a

29 Sanitation in Maputo Region ( 2,5 millions inhabitantes, 4 millions in 2030) Maputo System (sanitation with sewers (red), septic tank (green) and dry sanitation (latrines) -Multiple Challenges: Pushing appropriate management, circular economy, employment and development

30 SOME PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES A MAJOR PART OF MAPUTO (AND OTHER CITIES OF AFRICA) HAS NO WATER PIPES AND SEWERS. FEACAL SLUDGE MANAGEMENT/ SERVICES TO LATRINES ARE VERY LIMITED; MOST OF THE WASTEWATER AND FEACAL SLUDGE IS DISPOSED WITHOUT TREATMENT; VERY LIMITED RESOURCES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE LARGE INVESTMENTS NEEDED ON OLD COLONIAL INFRASTRUCTURES NEED OF STRENGHING THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ( GOVERNANCE) NEEDS OF CAPAPACITY BUIDING 30

31 10 HA INFULENE POND SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER ( TO BE EXPANDED) WW REUSED FOR URBAN FARMS ( ALMOST 100 %) Pond WWTP ANAEROBIC POND FACULTATIVE POND AGRICULURE 31

32 INFULENE WWTP 1st Expansion phase, maturation pond (disinfection). Pop. = inh Área = 19 ha 2 nd Expansion phase, (aeration) Pop. = inh Area = 30 ha Potencial area to benefit ( WW and biosolids): About 2500 ha ( families) 32

33 GREEN CITIES IN DRY CLIMATE WASTEWATER REUSE: PEOPLE LIVING FROM URBAN FOOD PRODUCTION IN MAPUTO (4 USD $/DAY INSTEAD OF 1 USD/DAY) 33

34 FINAL REMARKS Water scarcity in Europe, Asia and other parts of the World will not decrease.will increase, and water is crucial for development. The potential for WW reuse in Europe, Asia and other parts of the World is very large. WW Reuse allows creating value out of treatment products (effluents), contributing to environmental protection, business models and employment creation. As no dependent from the weather, WW reuse may be a interesting alternative to desalination or water transfer solutions. For safe reuse, implementation of Risk Management Plans seems specially important. 34

35 THANK YOU José Saldanha Matos 35